Quantum Particles in a Genetic Circuit
For computational purposes, an efficient use of Energy is possible by handling of Quantum Particles in a set of streamlined processes. The biological life applies these technique most effectively. This short article intends to trigger new thoughts about using Biology for complex experiments in the field of Computing.
Charged Particle and Magnetism
When a charged particle moves linearly through a given medium (e.g. free space or liquid electrolyte or electrical conducting wire) then it produces magnetic field. Here the cause is electrically charged particle and the effect is magnetism. Quite interestingly, it won't happen without movement at all. All the involved vectors (i.e. Electric Field, Magnetic Field, Displacement) are perpendicular to each other. It is a well known principle of Physics taught in schools.
Conversely, if we make a change in the local magnetic field (e.g. position of the magnets, direction of magnetic field, magnetic flux intensity), then such an Event yields movement of the electrically charged particles present in the neighbouring medium (e.g. conducting wire). The Biology applies this technique heavily in the Genetic materials (e.g. DNA, RNA) to build complex circuits for all forms of life.
Fundamentals of Hall Effect
While an electric current (i.e. a stream of moving charged particles) is applied to a planar shaped electrical conductor (e.g. a copper strip), if we apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the electric current, then a change in the path followed by electrically charged particles is experienced. It happens due to induced electrical force perpendicular to both vectors (i.e. electric current and magnetic field). This cause (i.e. induced electrical force) results into an effect (i.e. a voltage difference between the opposite ends of planar electric conductor). It is well known principle of Physics taught in schools.
Now, imagine a cylindrical shaped electric conductor (e.g. a copper wire or thick rod) instead of the planar shape. When a stream of electrically charged particles are moving inside this conductor, they repel each other. These charged particles tend to move away from each other due to mutually repulsive force. In fact, they shift towards surface of the electric wire. So, when an electric current flows in the conductor, then all electric charges are found always on the surface of this wire but not in the core of the wire. Since the electrically charged particles are moving within the conductor, it would produce a magnetic field that is tangent to surface of the electric conductor (i.e. wire). Therefore, we find that Magnetic Field vector is curling around the electrical conducting wire. It is known principle of Physics. We create a coil of electrical wire, pass electrical current to make magnets using this technique. The magnetic field is aggregated due to wrapped electric wires.
Charged Particle Accelerator
What if we have a hollow cylindrical object (i.e. equivalent to an electric wire) and a charged particle kept within this hollow cavity? If we charge this cylindrically shaped conducting body such that it creates an Electric Field pointing normal to both of its surfaces (i.e. outward and inward surfaces). This electric field helps us establish a confinement area to restrict our target charged particle kept within the hollow cavity. So, the Electric Field is only preventing an escape of the particle.
Also, we wrap (or cover) this cylindrical body's conducting surfaces with several magnets that would produce Magnetic Field curling around our hollow cylindrical conductor. In fact, we intend to control the applied properties of the magnetic field using some simple techniques.
Finally, our target charged particle kept within hollow cavity can be accelerated by varying the magnetic field. Now, we have created a particle accelerator.
If we use an oscillator circuit to vary the Magnetic Field continuously, then we can propel our target charged particle within this hollow cavity. It is a very well known principle of Physics.
The biological life does the same thing using a genetic material (e.g. DNA, RNA).
Genetic Structure
An electrically charged particle could be accelerated within a strand of DNA. The polymer chain of a DNA strand acts as a hollowed cavity cylinder for our target electrically charged particle to use it like a highway. It is the free path to be used.
An electric field vector in the DNA strand is created by the Proton (i.e. Hydrogen ions). The electric field vector could be varied by displacing protons (i.e. positive charge). A small variation can be produced easily to perform computational tasks.
A magnetic field vector in the DNA strand is created by the Histones that coil around a core like solenoid. The Histones can act like a switching junction for the flow of electrically charged particles within the DNA strand's polymer chain.
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An energy carrying photon could be captured from different sources (e.g. sunlight or radioactivity) to release an electrically charged particle. Then, charged particle could be accelerated either linearly or switched or looped in a circular path by varying either electrical or magnetic field vectors or both using very small amount of Energy within the DNA. Such techniques are useful to perform few calculations immediately or store Energy for a later use.
A wide range of computational tasks could be completed using quantum particles accelerated within the DNA strand using few well-known control levers only.
Implementation of Biological Circuits
The DNA strand could be used in different structural arrangements (e.g. linear, circular, or a complex combination). For example
A quantum particle cannot be accelerated forever within genetic materials since it costs some amount of Energy to be able to manipulate the electric and magnetic vectors continuously. Therefore, the lifespan of a genetic material is very limited. To maintain the continuity of life processes, it is reasonable decision of Nature to keep replicating the genetic material continuously.
Cell division creates fresh replica of the DNA so that experiments of Nature could be replicated using new particles. Certain variations in the DNA is possible due to local environmental factors (e.g. electric or magnetic field vectors). In general, we call it an Evolution of Life.
Also, powerful electromagnetic radiations (e.g. Gamma, X-ray) could destroy the normal behaviour of DNA since it interferes with allowable limits of electrical or magnetic field vectors.
A wide range of Biological Circuits can be created using a limited set of primitive elements (e.g. nucleotides) required in the encoding of DNA and/or RNA.
Cheapest Particle Accelerator
The Nature decided to build different life processes using low-energy consuming particle accelerators in the form of few polymer chains, called DNA. The purpose of life is encoded in specific DNA. Each DNA is on a mission to contribute to the sustainability of life on Earth. A wide range of chemicals could be produced by the source code of DNA to perform different actions important for life on Earth.
It is the right path to be able to manage very complex phenomenon using simple technology based on a few organic molecules.
Artificial Life in new Worlds
If we want to create a life sustainable form on some other planets, then we need to establish a different se of operating range (i.e. defined in terms of temperature, atmospheric pressure, gravity) for artificial DNA. Our new organic polymers must operate under those physical conditions. So nucleotides need to be manipulated to be able to replicate the DNA easily without any errors in a given spatial domain (e.g. planets, moons). It is necessary for long-term sustainability of life in those worlds. It is foolish to believe that humans or other living beings can live "AS-IS" on other planets (e.g. Mars). The DNA must be tuned again artificially to suit new world requirements.
Summary
Why can't we start implementing particle accelerators using the biological genetic materials? Perhaps, it is cheaper to experiment about complex life phenomenon using Biology than building very expensive and huge particle accelerators.
To begin with, we should build nanotubes that could mimmic DNA's behavioural models. A simple hollow nanotube where quantum particles could be accelerated in a controlled manner. Then, build new biological circuits using such techniques.