Quantum Computing

Quantum computing is poised to upend entire industries from finance to cyber security to healthcare, and beyond – but few understand how quantum computers actually works.?Researchers have long predicted that Quantum computers could tackle certain types of problems.?Especially those involving a daunting number of variables and potential outcomes, like simulations or optimization questions – much faster than an classical computer.?It’s tough writing about a technology that hasn’t fully formed yet.?However I would try to answer the below questions in a broader outline.

1.?????What is quantum computing?

2.?????Why do quantum computing matters?

3.?????Will the job market change?

4.?????Is there any concern / grey side of these?

1.?????What is quantum computing?

Quantum computing?is the use of?quantum?phenomena such as?superposition and From being perceived as a science fiction to becoming a reality, the Word Quantum has been made famous by these two marvel charactersentanglement to perform?computation. Computers that perform quantum computations are

known as?quantum computers. To understand it better we need to know what’s Quantum?

From being perceived as a science fiction to becoming a reality, the Word Quantum has been made famous by these two marvel characters

Quantum physics?is a branch of?physics?that deals with things that are very, very small, and which are on the level of the atom and smaller. Many of the phenomenon that occur at this very tiny level are highly non-intuitive and make absolutely no sense, even to the smartest of scientists.?As a definition Quantum mechanics?is a fundamental theory in physics that provides a description of the physical properties of?nature?at the scale of atoms and?subatomic particles. It?explains how the universe works at a scale smaller than atoms. It is also called?quantum physics?or?quantum theory.

Quantum computers?perform calculations based on the probability of an object's state before it is measured - instead of just 1s or 0s. A single state - such as on or off, up or down, 1 or 0 - is called a bit. Instead of bits, which conventional?computers?use, a?quantum computer?uses?quantum?bits—known as qubits.?

Lets understand it more…..

In quantum computing, a quantum bit, or a?qubit, is a unit of information that can be set to one of two states: 0 or 1. Traditional computing bits are either “0” or “1,” but qubits can be in both states at the same time, a quantum property called superposition. In other words, it can be described as having a probability of being zero or one. So, this means that a?computer?using qubits can store an enormous amount of information than a classical?computer. Three quantum mechanical principles manipulate the state of a qubit.

Superposition

When a coin is flipped, it can either land on heads or tails. The concrete binary answer represents the possibilities available with classical computers. A spinning coin — where it could, at any point, be either heads or tails — represents what quantum computing offers: where a system could be in multiple states at the same time.

Interference

A by-product of superposition, interference is what allows the measurement of a qubit to lean toward a desired state. The wavelengths of qubits in superposition may meet — this is interference — amplifying some answers and cancelling others, depending on where the crest of one wave intersects with the crest or valley of another.?Interference enables quantum computers to combine and optimize calculations and probabilities into one answer.

Entanglement

Quantum particles are able to form correlations over a distance, an instant communication between qubits. In essence, entangled particles are connected in such a way that actions performed on one affect the other, even despite distances.

1.?????Why do Quantum Computing matters?

Quantum computers will disrupt current techniques and solve previously unapproachable problems, creating valuable solutions for industry. From financial modeling to weather forecasting to artificial intelligence,?quantum computing?can reimagine many of the processes that already exist and create solutions for some complex problems.??For example, pharmaceutical companies could accelerate the discovery of new drugs, materials companies could discover new molecular structures, finance companies could develop new trading strategies, transportation companies could optimize logistics, and companies relying on the output of machine and deep learning could perform analyses that are impossible with classical computing of today.?Quantum?computing has potential to revolutionize problem solving and information processing. Even though the novel coronavirus pandemic has not been curbed, quantum computing can help scientists and researchers discover vaccines in the future and address health crises.

Consider a few more industries that could benefit:

• Space and Travel : Airlines seeking the optimal way to store spare parts at airports. Or the options of space travel being worked upon
• Defence : The image of warfare being changed to a different orbit
• Oil and gas companies calculating how atoms and molecules can be configured to protect equipment from corrosion.
• Cloud computing?– Cloud computing to be offered on quantum computer to process complicated problems and provide results to individual users.
• Cryptography?– Two qubits are linked together in such a way that a change to one causes a change to its corresponding qubit. This occurs without time lags, over any distance, and of course without any physical connection such as cables or radio waves. Using this idea key codes for data transmission could be generated. Quantum cryptography can potentially change data security, creating tamper-proof cybersecurity measures.

2.?????Will the job market change?

“I don’t know much about quantum physics, but can I get into quantum computing?”

Quantum computing has evolved over the years and so has the career opportunities that this marvellous technology offers. It has evolved from fundamental tech jargons to how to build a quantum computer and share it over the cloud. This is a mammoth step translating from quantum science to quantum ready.

Quantum computing isn’t just a hot topic to get a job in — it requires thinking about how you can develop the expertise, abilities, and network in order to make an lasting impact on this nascent field. You can learn about the various quantum job roles?available, or start contributing to open-source quantum computing communities like Qiskit (IBM) or Ocean SDK (D-wave systems) or the indian club IndiQ. You can consider getting involved with a quantum club?or Meetup group, building your own quantum apps, or even trying to build your own quantum computer!

Quantum computing takes expertise from physics, engineering, computer science and more. Each of these disciplines offers a unique point of view. If you are used to thinking in the time domain, consider how the system looks in the frequency domain. If you usually think at the algorithm level, think about how instructions are physically implemented.?The jobs at Quantum computing market has branched into a set of many entry paths. These paths involve specialties that include various types of researchers, architects, theorists, developers, designers, and community builders.

Some 20 percent of the quantum-related positions, are in marketing, sales, management, tech support, and operations. Even if you haven’t spent years studying quantum computing, in other words, you can still potentially land a job at a quantum-computing firm, doing all the things necessary to ensure that the overall tech stack keeps operating.

The IBM Q team is always actively looking for talent.?And have made it easy to learn more about positions or submit your resume by writing to [email protected]

The?Quantum Computing?market is expected to grow from USD 472 million in 2021 to USD 1,765 million by 2026, at a CAGR of 30.2%. The early adoption of?quantum computing?in the banking and finance sector is expected to fuel the growth of the market globally.?Cryptography a new market for quantum technology that’s expected to be worth anything from $214m to $1.3bn by 2024

In 2019 Google announced it has a?quantum computer?that is 100 million times?faster?than any classical?computer?in its lab.?The Sycamore computer attained quantum supremacy when it generated a random set of numbers which the fastest supercomputer in the world would take ten thousand years to produce.

2020,?IBM hosted a session?and?announced?that its newest 28-qubit quantum computer doubled its quantum volume.

A new partnership between?Microsoft’s Azure Quantum?and Honeywell offers another way for organizations across the globe to be introduced to quantum computing

China has developed a?new quantum research facility worth US$10 billion. European Union has developed a €1 billion ($1.1 billion)?quantum master plan. The United States’?National Quantum Initiative Act?provides $1.2 billion to promote quantum information science over a five-year period. Quantum Computing?was also the feature of Indian Union Budget FY21, with Rs 8,000 crore allocated towards the National Mission on?Quantum?Technologies and Applications in?India.

1.?????Is there any concern / grey side of these?

While the name is fancy straight from a comic book, the work to be done is of very high magnitude there are things which would delay it.

a.??????The Hardware is still far from common usage, they currently consume a great deal of electricity because their chips have to be laboriously cooled down with liquid helium to -273.13° Celsius in what are known as dilution refrigerators.

b.?????There is a risk that this technology could fall into the wrong hands — should criminals succeed in building a quantum computer, they could use it for the purpose of launching cyber-attacks, or a full scale invasion of the planet itself.

c.??????Hackers would be able to crack all data that is encrypted on the basis of conventional computers.

d.?????Due to the inevitability of random errors in the hardware, useful common quantum computers are unlikely to built very soon.

e.??????The giant leap of quantum computing would mean increasing pressures on national security, including cyber-security, and sophistication of malicious code-cracking, to network breaches and data protection issues.

f.???????The biggest of the current challenge is the availability of right resource for the new jobs that’s coming up due to Quantum Technology.?If companies were to search for Ph.D or people with Quantum mechanism background only, the future would itself fail.

Conculsion

There is a race going on among IBM, Google, Microsoft and other large and small private companies, and heavy research is taking place at many universities worldwide. Of the 4k global participants in Qiskit, highest participants were from India. Skills in quantum computing need to be developed as objects become smarter and computers become faster.?The past few years have also seen the quantum community in India grow in strength and diversity. Research institutes and universities in India have been aggressively hiring new faculty in the domain and there are at least half a dozen conferences dedicated to quantum computing and quantum information are being held in India annually. India is ideally placed today to become a global research partner in this field, as is evident through the work of several research groups on quantum science and technologies across the country.?By now, we can assume that quantum computing will eventually massively accelerate many of our scientific and technical processes.

Top Quantum technology start-ups in India namely BosonQ, Qulabs.ai, QpiAI-Tech, QNu Labs, Automatski, Quantica computacao, QRD Lab, Taqbit Labs etc. are doing a mammoth task in this field.