Quantifying quark confinement non-locally?

v.5 n. 38

NOTICE that the last paragraph was edited to avoid confusion between quark confinement (intended here) and asymptotic freedom treated subsequently.

This continues the recent sequence on gravitational locality. Quark confinement is backwards. Usually in physics force diminishes with distance between particles; it does not increase as convention suggests with quarks within nucleons with three quarks, or mesons with two as in the cover image. There are several conventional models -- string, bag and lattice. Aside from these what might be happening?

The strong force at quark level has been derived as

F_g,1 = 0.021(c^17 h A^2 / G^5)^1/6; ........................................... (1)

where A is the acceleration of the local galactic supercluster, A~10^-14 m/s^2; this relation was derived from a variation of Newton's gravity,

F_g = G_s m_1 m_2 / r^2 ......................................................................(2)

where G_s = 1.3(1- v^2/c^2)^-3/2 .................. (v→c only)

where v is the tangential velocity of particles rotating about one another in the expression, and for a single quark each mass in Equation 2 represents half the mass of a single quark, so that the expression can represent a single quark spinning near light speed. The expression is a combination of Newton's gravity and special relativity. The relativity aspect effectively increases the gravitational constant G so that weak Newton's gravity approaches the Strong force -- the Strong force in terms of gravity. The expression was theoretically verified in its use in deriving the unit charge at the Planck scale. [1]

It was demonstrated in the previous Letters that Newton's gravity could be non-local when conventionally applied to two particles. [2][2a] That is, there could be no gravitational relationship (locality) between the two particles, rather a locality external to the pair as suggested in the cover image. When there are two separate quarks, each particle relates to space on each side of the pair, instead of between the pair. The relationship between the particles taken as gravitational sinks instead of sources [3], means that each spinning quark (at near light speed) is frame dragging spacetime, which has been demonstrated by observation and experiment and suggested in the cover image, [4] [Note 1] somewhat as a whirlpool in a drain in a kitchen sink. This frame dragging should tend to increase the small gravitational field line from space pointing to the particle as sink, and hypothetically concentrate it into the strong force, again as suggested by the spiral patterns in the cover image.

When attempting to dislodge the original quarks from the hadron, the tendency could be for the velocity v in Equation 2 to increase in each spinning quark, thus increasing the strong force, possibly quantifying quark confinement with a locality related to large-scale space instead of between quark particles, in accord with Mach's Principle, where particle inertia depends on the large scale, and in accord with confirmed Bell's Theorem where reality is non-local.

[1] How might gravity relate to the other forces? | LinkedIn

[2] Newton's gravity could be quantifying non-local masses | LinkedIn

[2a] (1) RESHUFFLING THE HIERARCHY PROBLEM: Why is gravity so weak regarding the other forces? | LinkedIn

[3] Particles as sinks instead of sources (booklet) | LinkedIn

[4] Einstein's General Relativity Confirmed: Astronomers Witness the Dragging of Space-Time (scitechdaily.com)

[Note 1] "What is the name of the Earth-orbiting experiment you mentioned [demonstrating frame dragging]?

"Copilot

The Earth-orbiting experiment that provided strong evidence for the Lense-Thirring effect (frame dragging) is called Gravity Probe B. It precisely measured the orientation changes of gyroscopes in Earth’s orbit, demonstrating the predicted spacetime distortion due to Earth’s rotation."