Quality - Some Definitions- An Overview

"Quality is never an accident; it is always the result of high intention, sincere effort, intelligent direction, and skillful execution."

Acceptance Quality Limit (AQL)

Acceptable defect rate in a given sample size for a particular inspection

Sampling

The process of selecting a subset of items from a larger batch for inspection

Calibration

The process of adjusting and verifying measuring instruments to ensure accuracy.

Critical to Quality (CTQ)

The aspects of a product or process that are most important to the customer

Defects?

Any deviation from the specified requirements or standards

Defective

Part/Product contains more than one or more defects

Parts per Million ?(PPM)

A metric reporting defects per million, normalized for easy comparison

Lot / Batch

A consistent quantity of product produced under standardized production conditions.

Lot Size

The number of units in a lot.

First Article Inspection ?(FAI)

Inspection of first production item to verify its conformity to standards

Golden Sample / Master Sample

It is a final sample of the product that is inspected & signed off by the customer

Least Count?(LC)

The smallest value that can be measured by a measuring instrument.

Inspection Test Plan / Inspection Plan (ITP / IP)

A documented strategy outlining how and when inspections will be performed

Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerance (GD&T)

A standardized system using symbols and rules on engineering drawings to define part features, their relationships, and allowable tolerances for optimal product functionality

Gage Repeatability & Reproducibility (GR & R)

Statistical analysis Method used to assess the reliability and consistency of a measurement system #GRR

Pre Dispatch Inspection (PDI)

It involves a thorough inspection of finished goods before shipment.

3 Batch Validation

Checking 3 continuous batches before commercial production to ensure parts & process are consistent & meeting requirement

Tolerance

The allowable deviation from the specified dimensions or characteristics

Checklist?

A tool to ensure that essential steps in an operation are completed, containing items relevant to a specific issue/situation

Non Conformance (NC)

Part/Product failure to meet specified requirements.

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