quality models, systems and standards to modern-day business operations

?

ISO 9000

???????????ISO 9000 is a standard of the quality management system, which assists the business entities in ensuring the needs of the customers as well as stakeholders within regulatory requirements (ISO, 2020). In the same context, it is identified that the Toro company, which is operating in the irrigation supplies industry has also adopted ISO 9000 in order to boost the confidence level of customers. The continued commitment and sound leadership have helped the company in providing sound performance and unequal equality. The company maintains the certifications of ISO 9000 mainly in two business areas namely manufacturing and designing turf care products. It is not quite easy to obtain such certification without thorough preparation and high effort. It requires almost twenty assessment criteria in order to get the ISO 9000 certification. The adoption of ISO 9000 has helped the TORO in achieving various aspects in context to customers. It assisted the company in enhancing the trust level of customers towards the company, improved customer satisfaction level. Further, ISO 9000 also helped the company in boosting the confidence of the customers. Additionally, ISO 9000 has also improved the efficiency of the purchasing process, which helped the company in gaining customer loyalty (The Toro Company, 2021).?

Total Quality Management (TQM)

???????????TQM is a managerial process that is adopted by a wide range of business organizations all across the globe in order to detect and eliminate errors. The main purpose of TQM is to improve customer service, supply chain, and others. The key focus of TQM is to make a significant improvement in the goods and services quality with the help of continual improvement (Ross, 2017). Besides this, TQM also assists business organizations in identifying activities that are not creating any value addition to the final product. This in turn further helps in reducing overall cost and improving the quality of the product delivered by the organizations'. In the same context, it is identified that Ford Motor Company operating in the automobile industry has also adopted TQM; wherein, the management of the company has developed sound guidelines in order to ensure sound improvement in the business as well as enhance the satisfaction level of the customers. The company also formed a partnership with ChemFil in order to make a sound environment for the company's workforce and provide products to the customers with high quality. Besides this, the company also identified that the meeting of the requirements of the customers in an effective manner leads to financial success. Accordingly, TQM helped the company in attaining sound financial performance in the market (Sekar, 2021).

Continuous Improvement of Quality (CQI)

???????????The CQI is another approach, which is adopted by business organizations in order to improve all the processes related to business. This assists the management of business organizations in analyzing and monitoring the wide range of data, which in turn helps them in achieving desired business outcomes or objectives. CQI emphasizes mainly the whole organizational process instead of focusing on the individual. The CQI should be continuous in order to make sound improvements in the overall business process. The CQI model basically consists of four stages so as to achieve sound quality results, which include plan, do, study, and act (Armstrong and Sables-Baus, 2019). In the same context, it is identified that there is a large number of companies operating in different sectors, which adopt CQI in their business practices. Ford, Motorola, GE, Bell Laboratories, Amazon, Toyota, and Dell are the key players who have changed the process excellence with the help of using CQI in their businesses (Business Process Management, 2014).

Six Sigma

???????????Six Sigma is also another tool of quality improvement of the business process. Six Sigma proves to be fruitful for the business organissations' as reduces the process variation along with enhancing process performance. This in turn leads to defect reduction, improved quality of goods and services, and improved profitability. Additionally, Six Sigma mainly focuses on improving the process control; however, lean Six Sigma focuses on identifying wastes or non-value activities in order to improve the workflow. Lean Six Sigma values defect prevention rather than defect detection. It also facilitates improving customer satisfaction with the help of making a sound decline in the wastes and variations (ASQ, 2021). Toyota is a multinational company operating in the automobile sector. As a part of Lean practice, the company created a shared culture in order to effectively share the beliefs and values of the company among others. Toyota is also working at a regular pace for reinforcing its culture in order to make sound improvements. Besides this, the management of the company has also developed cross-sectional teams in order to mitigate the business problems in an efficient manner (CQI, 2017).

Just in Time (JIT)

???????????The Just in Time (JIT) is related to the inventory management system, which assists in minimizing the holding of inventory along with improving its efficiency. The JIT system is used in all levels of business such as the acquisition of raw material, work in progress, and finished goods. The organizations' acquire the products on the basis of requirements. The organizations; also use Kanban for the purpose of avoiding work-in-progress overcapacity (Hirano, 2019). The finished goods are maintained through the manufacturing of goods as per the demand of the products. The JIT success mainly relies upon quality workmanship, authentic or reliable suppliers, no breakdown of machines, and a steady manufacturing process. Accordingly, Toyota is one of the key players in the automobile industry, which adopts JIT for producing vehicles on the basis of customer orders. The company has developed a system to acquire vehicle parts at the time of need from its suppliers. This helped the company in reducing the inventory level as well as the cost associated with it. Along with this, the company has also played a crucial role in order to improve the efficiency of its vehicles (Parashar, 2016).

?