Quality Assurance & Quality Control: -

As we know the performance objectives of any operation or activities are?quality, speed, dependability, flexibility and cost.

While we come across different job opportunities, we have the requirement of quality assurance, quality control & sometime quality engineer, quality manager.

To understand the concept clearly, we have to understand with quality system.

What is quality system?

Formalized?system?that documents processes, procedures, and responsibilities for achieving?quality. It follows standard ISO 9001:2015 which is basically quality management system standard.

Components of quality systems: -

·????????quality planning.

·????????quality control.

·????????quality assurance.

·????????quality improvement.

Quality Assurance: -

Part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled.

It is systematic process oriented both front & back end to reach excellence.

Basically, related with mechanism how a process is performed or how a product is made is?a way of preventing mistakes and defects in delivering intended manufactured products or services on time within budget to customers.

Function of Quality Assurance: -

·????????Establishing quality standards for all products and services

·????????Creating rules, checklist for standards and communicating them to the relevant

·????????Writing documents to outline all standards

·????????Defining quality inspection & control check points to assess stagewise quality level.

Types of Quality Assurance involve: -

Based on various areas of quality assurance some areas with relevant quality dimensions are depicted.

·????????Product Quality: - Deconstruct ability, efficiency, fault tolerance, maintainability, refinement, reliability, reusability, safety.

·????????Service Quality: - Accessibility, availability, personalization, usability, reliability, responsiveness, empathy & flexibility, competence, consistency, safety & security, environments.

·????????Experience quality: - Customer service, environment, user interface, communication & information, processes & activities, delivery, adaptability, empathy & flexibility, reliability & consistency, competence & diligence, image & identity, engagement, risk related to safety & security,

1.?????IT quality: - Code smell, availability, data integrity, efficiency, privacy, information security, maintainability, mistake proofing, referential integrity, reliability, reusability, interoperability

2.?????Data quality: - Data integrity, data rot, relevance, timeliness, precision, correctness, completeness, credibility, traceability

3.?????Information quality: - relevance, timeliness, precision, correctness, uniqueness, comprehensible.

4.?????Quality of life: - Health, air quality, water quality, food quality, standard of living, education, knowledge, happiness, safety, freedom from fear, community, freedom of speech, human right, legal right, privacy, public space, culture, profession & creativity, physical activity, transportation, proximity, resilience, sustainability etc.

Steps of quality assurance: -????

.Requirement analysis

·????????Test planning

·????????Test design

·????????Test environment setup

·????????Test execution?

·????????Test closure?

·????????Follow

·??????Plan—Do --- Check --- Act

Quality assurance techniques and best practices: -

·????????Involve a QA from starting of development phase.

·????????Plan and record all testing process & results.

·????????Continuous groom test suite test-driven development.

·????????Obligatory review for every single feature.

·????????Integration testing.

·????????Utilize automation.

·????????User experience kept in mind with top priority.

·????????Raise questions.

·????????Review all process integrally.

·????????Keep the whole team under one roof.

Quality Control: -

Quality control can be defined as "part of quality management or quality assurance basically a system of maintaining standards focused on fulfilling quality requirements in resulting product.”

?Objectives of quality control: -

·????????To establish the customer acceptable desired quality standards.

·????????Identify flaws or variations in the raw materials and the method manufacturing processes for smooth and uninterrupted production

·????????Evaluate the methods and processes of production and suggest further improvements

·????????Study and determine quality deviation tolerance during manufacturing/ service process.

·????????Analyze in detail the causes responsible for such deviation.

·????????Undertake such steps which are helpful in achieving the desired quality of the product

?

Types or stages of quality control/Inspection: -

·????????Pre-production inspection (PPI)

·????????First article inspection (FAI)

·????????During Production Inspection (DPI)

·????????Pre-Shipment inspection (PSI)

·????????Container loading inspection (CLI)/ Loading Supervision (LS)

·????????Production monitoring

·????????Pre-Custom clearance inspection.

·????????Piece-by-piece Inspections.

·????????Inspection analysis.

Approaches of quality Control: -

·????????Failure testing

. Statistical control

·????????System or process audit.

·????????Product or service ?inspection

Quality control tools (LEAN Six sigma tools)

·????????Checklists

·????????Fishbone diagram

·????????Flow charts

·????????Control chart.

·????????Pareto chart

·????????Histogram

·????????Scatter Diagram

·????????QFD (Quality Functional deployment)