QR Code Phishing Attack - 2000% surge in 2023

What is QR CODE ?

The QR code, short for Quick Response code, is a two-dimensional barcode designed for rapid readability and information storage. Created in 1994 by Denso Wave, a subsidiary of Toyota, QR codes were initially intended for tracking automotive parts. They were invented to enhance barcode technology by storing more data and enabling fast decoding. These codes gained widespread adoption due to their ability to hold larger amounts of information, including URLs, text, or other data types, leading to their ubiquitous use in marketing, payment systems, product tracking, and various applications requiring quick access to information through smartphones or QR code readers.

?The Increase Of QR Code Phishing

Numerous businesses are facing significant challenges presented by phishing attacks centered around QR codes, leading to concern among multiple SOC (Security Operations Center) teams as they work to develop robust strategies to combat this threat.

As QR codes seamlessly become a part of our everyday lives, effortlessly connecting us to restaurant menus, websites, and apps through a simple phone scan, their increased usage also opens doors for exploitation by malicious individuals. Enter the rising threat of QR code phishing, also known as "quishing."

QR code phishing stands as an emerging cyber menace. Recent reports highlight an astonishing 2000% surge in QR phishing campaigns since July 2023.

QR code phishing schemes redirect individuals to malicious websites upon scanning, facilitating the pilfering of login details or sensitive personal information. These deceptive codes can be disseminated through email, text messages, or even strategically positioned in public areas to catch unsuspecting scanners off guard. Exploiting the ubiquitous nature of QR codes and the widespread reliance on mobile devices, cybercriminals adeptly utilize this technology for their nefarious purposes.

Understanding this emerging threat is crucial for both individuals and businesses. For businesses, raising awareness among employees by educating them about the dangers associated with QR code phishing and integrating security protocols like two-factor authentication can effectively prevent successful attacks.

An Actual Instance Of QR Code Phishing

Since July 2023, Cofense has identified a concerning uptick in QR code phishing campaigns aimed at pilfering Microsoft credentials within various industries. Specifically, a U.S.-based energy firm encountered nearly 29% of more than 1000 malicious emails containing QR codes.

The fraudulent QR codes primarily utilize Bing redirect URLs, sometimes taking advantage of alternative domains such as Salesforce applications and Cloudflare’s Web3 services. Hidden within the QR image, the phishing link manages to evade email filters, frequently concealed within a PNG image or a PDF attachment, heightening the level of deception.?

How QR Code Phishing Operates?

?This advanced cyber scheme tricks users into scanning a QR code, leading them to a fake website that closely mimics a legitimate one. Here's how hackers lure victims into scanning the code and sharing confidential information:

1. Fraudsters affix harmful QR codes onto emails, promotional materials, or displays.
2. When scanned, individuals are rerouted to a deceptive website.
3. Users are asked to provide usernames, passwords, or sensitive data.
4. Cybercriminals collect this information for unauthorized access or illegal purposes.

Although the mechanics of QR code phishing aren't exceedingly complicated, its effectiveness is unquestionable. Regrettably, once scammers acquire personal information, victims encounter substantial financial and security threats.?

How To Identify Phishing QR CODE ?

Recognizing the indicators of potentially harmful QR codes is pivotal to protecting personal information.

1. Prior to scanning any QR code, authenticate the URL's credibility.
2. Red flags indicating a malicious QR code encompass subpar image quality, unfamiliar URLs, or questionable websites.
3. Beware of QR codes that prompt app installations or request personal information. If in doubt, abstain from scanning and report it to authorities or site administrators.
4. Ensuring devices are up-to-date and secure is essential for safeguarding against potential threats.?

How to Protect Against Malicious QR Codes ?

• MFA
• Awareness

Preventing QR code phishing attacks necessitates understanding how they operate and taking proactive measures when scanning codes.

• Prioritize confirming the origin of the code before scanning, keeping an eye out for signs of malicious intent such as typos, misspellings, or questionable URLs.
• Participate in training sessions focused on QR code security to understand potential risks and learn preventive actions.
• Use trustworthy QR code scanning applications and enable two-factor authentication.
• Maintain updated antivirus software on your device.
• Avoid sharing personal information unless you are completely sure about the legitimacy of a website.

We must educate employees on the above mentioned five points?

In Conclusion

The ramifications of QR code phishing can be severe when not adequately prepared for.

It's crucial to proactively defend against cyber threats. Cofense's SAT Training equips users with specialized anti-phishing techniques tailored for QR codes.

Though no security measure guarantees complete protection, proactive measures substantially reduce the risks associated with these fraudulent activities. Let's work together to raise awareness about these tactics and bolster our collective security.

Author: Energy Projects Support Company (ENPRO) - Security Division

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