QIN DYNASTY - An extract from 'Across China in 250 pages'... as interpreted in MIDDLE KINGDOM.

QIN / CHI’IN DYNASTY (221bc to 202bc)

Located in the Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces (near modern day Xi'an) the Qin Dynasty crushed six of the seven Warring States and the Zhou Dynasty. In doing so it became the first Dynasty of Imperial China. It utilised a legalist system which resembled the structure of a totalitarian or fascist state, where dissidents, political enemies and opposition were eliminated. The Dynasty even employed strategies like book burning ceremonies and the burying of scholars. Those who were loyal to the Emperor rose in the regime and those who prevented further expansion went missing. The Qin gave enormous power to the administrators, allowing Emperor Qin to focus on massive public works projects. Power was taken from the landowners and given to the peasantry. In doing so the Emperor implemented a near Communist level of control and empowerment of the working class.

This would lead to 300,000 peasants and convicts forming a colossal work force. They joined the Northern Great Wall of China, built a massive public road system and constructed the Emperors Mausoleum, guarded by a life size Terracotta Army for the dead Emperor.

The Emperor’s tomb itself is yet to be excavated, but the main necropolis was found underneath a hill by two young boys in 1978. Since this time an entire underground palace, six hundred pits, 7000 Terracotta Statues, 100 wooden chariots and 20,000 square metres of the complex have been discovered. The rest of the structure is yet to be explored as modern technology is not yet capable of preserving the outer layers of the finds. Those items which have been excavated have denatured, with outer layers quickly peeling or crumbling. Having been underground for over 2000 years the Institutions protecting the site have put a hold on exploration and excavation, that is until technology and method have improved significantly. Located in Modern Day Xinjiang the Qin Dynasty evolved into a heavily legalistic and bureaucratic system early on. It’s huge entrance gates marked the first real entry point into old China for those on the silk road. The origins of the name China can also be traced to the Qin Dynasty, with Qin sounding like ‘Chin’ when pronounced.

With 90 percent of the Qin Dynasty being classed as peasantry the leaders did well to empower them. By using the Southward expansion and conflicts 25 with the other Dynasties the Qin Peasants quickly gained wealth and private assets. When the Emperor died the once loyal bureaucrats fought for power. The Empire would fall a few short years later. Even with the Qin Dynasties contributions to China and it’s stability a counter movement was formed. The ethnic Han people and the Han Dynasty would rise with the collapse of the Qin and bring a softer system of political governance.

This allowed for the Qin Dynasty (and their burial sites) to largely be forgotten about as the generations passed. Contributions of the Qin Dynasty include - Arithmetic, centralized government, the unification and development of the legal code, written language, measurement, the currency of China, standards and regulations (for example production, trade and services), taxation and the connection of the Northern border walls in turn creating first Great Wall of China.

Video - The Emperor Who Unified China | Qin Shi Huang | Timeline

Video - Qin Shi Huang - The Rise and Fall of the First Emperor of China (Complete Series)

Treasures Of Qin Shi Huang And The Terracotta Army

Middle Kingdom, my new series very much incorporates the topics discussed in this article. If you found it interesting Middle Kingdom is certainly worth checking out.

With China opening at the end of this year, what better book to read for your flight, the fictitious MK series or the ultimate non-fiction guide - Across China in 250 Pages.

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