Protecting Juvenile Workers: An Overview of Child Labor Laws in the UAE

The United Arab Emirates has established a comprehensive legal framework that governs the employment of Juveniles, aiming to safeguard their health, safety, and general well-being. Through carefully crafted legislation, the UAE ensures that Juvenile workers can engage in appropriate and constructive employment opportunities while being shielded from potential exploitation and harm. The United Arab Emirates has made significant changes to its labor laws, while introducing Law No. 33 of 2021, which came into effect on February 2, 2022 and Cabinet Resolution no. (1) of 2022 on the implementation of Federal decree -Law no. (33) of 2021 regarding the Regulation of Labor relations. This law brought new provisions for the employment of Juvenile workers in the country, aiming to protect them while providing opportunities for growth and development.

In this article, I will provide an overview of child labor laws in the UAE, explore the key aspects of the of child labor laws in the UAE, offering guidance for employers, guardians, and Juvenile employees.

1. Minimum Employment Age

UAE labor law establishes a minimum employment age of 15 years, individuals under the age of 15 cannot be legally employed. This protects minors from prematurely entering the workforce and from its potential adverse effects. This provision allows Juvenile individuals the opportunity to focus on their education and personal development. Minors from the age of 15 and 18 years are allowed to work, subject to several conditions, and after getting juvenile work permits.

2. Guardian’s Consent

Prior to employing a Juvenile worker, employers must secure explicit written consent from the individual’s parent or legal guardian. This requirement ensures that the Juvenile worker's guardians are actively involved in decisions concerning their child’s participation in the labor market and can provide support and guidance.

3. Regulation of Working Hours

Juvenile workers in the UAE may work a maximum of six (6) hours per day, with a mandatory one-hour rest period after four consecutive hours of work. The juveniles are prohibited from working between 7 PM to 7AM. The juveniles are prohibited to work overtime, or be kept in the workplace after the prescribed hours. Neither the juveniles are not allowed to work on weekends or official holidays nor employer can ask them to work on weekends or official holidays. These measures are designed to prevent overworking and promote the overall health and well-being of Juvenile employees.

4. Prohibited Work Categories

UAE labor law prohibits Juvenile workers from engaging in hazardous, dangerous and morally compromising tasks that could harm their health, safety, or morals. Employers must adhere to the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratization’s ( MOHRE ) list of restricted occupations and work environments for Juvenile workers.

5. Mandatory Medical Examination

Before starting employment, employers must ensure that a Juvenile worker (aged 15 to 18) undergoes a medical examination. This examination verifies the fitness of the Juvenile workers for the tasks they will be expected to perform in their role. Beyond the initial examination, Juvenile workers may be subject to regular medical examinations during their employment. These periodic examinations ensure that their health is not compromised by their work and that they remain fit for employment.

6. Protection of Education and Training

The law prioritizes the protection of a Juvenile worker’s educational pursuits. Employers must facilitate access to educational opportunities and provide avenues for training and skill development to support long-term career prospects.

7. Obligations for Record Keeping

Employers are required to maintain thorough records of Juvenile workers, including personal information such as the name and age of the juvenile, the full name and contact details of his guardian or custodian, the place of residence of the juvenile and his custodian, and his work schedules, and job responsibilities. Proper documentation ensures compliance with legal standards and effective monitoring of employment conditions.

8. Enforcement and Penalties

Robust enforcement mechanisms are in place to ensure compliance with child labor laws. Employers found in violation are subject to penalties, including fines, to uphold legal and ethical standards in the workplace.

9. Wadeema's Law?

Wadeema’s law also known as federal law no. 3 of 2016 on child rights law, which remains a crucial part of the UAE's commitment to upholding international child rights standards and ensuring the safety and well-being of children in United Arab Emirates. It includes provisions for reporting child abuse, regulating child labor, and setting penalties for violations.

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The UAE’s child labor laws demonstrate a strong commitment to the protection of Juveniles' in the labor market. By adhering to these laws, employers contribute to creating secure and supportive environments that foster the development and well-being of Juvenile workers.