Project Logistics
Logistics service providers view each business as a project business, regardless of their transportation, distribution or storage-like activities. Every service demanded by the client, which is often expressed in the sector, is in fact a project, which means that each client has different demands from the others. Every project has its planning, organization, budget, staging and time constraints.
Project and construction logistics can be defined as specific operations because operational processes and logistics activities differ from general cargo and cargo operations. The fact that the operation is carried out in different sizes and features, means that the handling and handling operations are different every time. Therefore, the applied logistic solutions can be of different forms for each operation.
Since the measurements of the vehicles used in the project transportation will be different than the sizes of the standard vehicles, the out of gauge and load limit words will be used frequently. For this reason, it would be useful to explain what these two lambs are.,
Out of gauge: It is a measure that determines the width and height of the vehicle with its intended purpose and the safe course of the vehicles on the road, loaded or unloaded.
Load limit: It refers to the maximum number of passengers and servants that a vehicle or vehicle can safely carry and which is specified in the manufacturing standard.
Project logistics is the safest and fastest way possible by taking road permits with standard trailers and special trailers and towing vehicles suitable for these loads, such as all YKs or sensitive electronic equipment except for standard sizes that can not be separated into sub-segments, Or by the combined transport system to the point of destination, installation and other support services in the direction of customer requests.
Project logistics also includes complex logistics operations and tasks such as customized distribution, storage or handling, as well as transportation operations.
1. Processes in project transportation
1.1 Preparation, Preparing for the planned project
1.2 Analysis, Determination of details such as the types of the vehicles to be used in the operation, the number of the parties, the responsibilities of the parties in the operation processes such as loading and unloading and how to supply the equipment to be used in such operations is carried out during the analysis stage.
1.3 Design, The process of designing and designing the main operation of project logistics is the subject of this process.
1.4 Planning, The project is planned in detail. In this process, the route on which the operation will take place is determined as non-standard cargoes, so the necessary permits are taken to prepare the equipment and vehicles to escort the cargo.
1.5 Application, In the application phase, customs and insurance transactions are carried out, control points are determined on the route and job follow up reports are prepared. Logistics activities such as unloading and preparation of equipments required for unloading are performed.
1.6 Finalization and control, The completion of the project together with its results and the evaluation of the operation with the customer are carried out at this stage.
2. Basic rules to follow during transport, The rules that should be observed during the movements related to the project and construction logistics are as follows.
It will not be continued from day to day until sunny daylight and weather conditions permit. It will not be parked on the road platform along the path.
Out of gauges, the left outer edge of the vehicle will be placed in front of the vehicle and a small red paddle not visible from the rear, which is easily visible from the 30x30 cm floor.
In the case of transporting large and long loads or transporting with wide and long vehicles, a vehicle will be kept in front of the vehicle.
A written sticker shall be put on the carriage of large loads or in the carriage to be carried out with wide vehicles in the front part of the vehicle (CAUTION LARGE VEHICLE), in case of carrying long loads or in case of carrying on long vehicles (CAUTION LONG VEHICLE).
He is responsible for carrying out the works of art on the road, bridges, roadside facilities and damages that may come to the fore against third parties.
Control passes will be made by the transporter when passing under superstructures and pedestrian overpasses and underground structures such as ENH.
While the vehicle is on the bridge, no other means will be found on the bridge.
3. RISK AND SAFETY
The risk management plans in the project sites determine the areas of basic risk and responsibility. Accident, damage and loss estimations that may be caused by method, vehicle and human use are carried out during transportation. Although insurance attempts to counter the risks, most of the shippers do not have any backups. For this reason, the person should not be harmed during the transfer.
The basic principle of project transport is compliance with health, safety and environment (health, safety, environment - HSE) rules. It is necessary for operators in the operations, especially those in the transport dimension, to act in accordance with these rules, to keep helmets, work gloves, work gloves and elbow-nosed shoes and complete appropriate trainings.
4. INSURANCE
The insurance issue is another integral part of project logistics. When there is a damage or injury in the area where the bulky and economic value is high, during transport or at the time of transfer between types of transport; Insurance is a necessary issue so that the responsibilities of the parties can be clearly defined and the damage can be covered. If there is no insurance and there is a loss / damage situation, the logistics company will not only lose its customers, but it will also face a cost that is much higher than its service cost.
In the logistics of the project, heavy cargo vehicles called LOWBED are used. These tools are single piece and are used in the ratio of products having a weight of at least 45 tons. Thus, such vehicles have a load carrying capacity of up to 300 tonnes of capacity at a capacity of 45 tonnes.(Source: Wang B, Hu P 1998: 208)
The enterprise undertaking the transportation business should determine the transportation costs and determine their prices after the planning stage. The use of intermodal transport is a necessity as long as the distance between the point of departure and the point of destination is long in heavy cargo operations, which can create new costs.
As the necessary permits from the transit countries are taken at the beginning of the operation period during the international shipments, the transportation companies demand a significant part of the service charges differently from the transport operations. At the same time, while the countries that are moving charge for permits on the grounds that the heavy cargo being transported is damaging to the roads, they also take into account taxes such as environmental tax and highway transit tax. In this direction, the operation costs of heavy cargo transportation can be higher than other transportation operations.
5. PROJECT TRANSPORT AND CONSTRUCTION LOGISTICS
Moving project logistics to the destination by road and combined transportation system in the shortest possible time by taking all the cargo except the standard size, the special trailers and the towing vehicles suitable for these loads, taking the road permits in the standarts possible and in the standarts as possible, in the direction of installation and other customer demands Support services can be included. In accordance with this definition, the construction carrier is also closely related to the project transport as it can consist of non-standard raw materials, work machines and products.
5.1. Construction Logistics
In construction logistics, the structure of the facility car park and corporate fleet management has become one of the more curious and more intriguing areas in the recent period. In the realization of construction contracting services, in determining the priorities for the determination and elimination of the needs of the vehicle fleet, Project schedule, work sites, land conditions and climate conditions, vehicle route, vehicles to be used, etc. Each of which has to be studied separately under a different heading.
Logistics is often described as the management of the supply chain. All processes and relationships shape the flow of products and information within a logistics system. An organization within the system operates in a number of supply chains and in the supply chain where the customer is located. (Source: Sobotka, Czarnigowska, Stefaniak, 2005:204)
The logistics function for construction firms can be examined in two parts.
? Supply Logistics
It is activities related to construction construction processes. These activities include procurement resources for construction, procurement planning, procurement of resources and transport to the construction site, delivery and warehouse control.
? Field Logistics
Field logistics, including material settlement and storage. This special logistics understanding, expressed as field logistics in construction logistics, involves physical flow planning, organization, orientation and supervision on construction construction. (Source: Da Silva, Cardoso,1999:.148)
CONCLUSION
Project logistics has come to an important place with the development of the construction industry. Logistics companies are expanding their vehicles from standard TIR to lowbed and wider vehicles so that they can provide project logistics services.
In the countries where the construction industry is advanced (especially countries like Russia, Algeria, Sudan, Kuwait, Qatar), project logistics is needed more. Qualified and experienced personnel are needed and insurance companies, heavy vehicle producers and logistics system builders are also at the forefront in the sectors that are nested with project logistics.
Moreover, apart from the project logistics of the transportation sector, there are considerable decreases in freight rates due to the establishment of foreign and foreign companies in the area of road, sea and air transport and the market, and firms are trying to survive in the sector with very low profits and even cost. Because the costs and profits of project logistics are high, they are trying to improve their infrastructure to compete in project logistics, including companies that provide freight services.
As a result, sufficient equipment, experienced personnel and systems are required to manage project transport. If these needs are met, the project transport will be one of the most enjoyable, profitable and moving jobs in the transportation sector.