PROCUREMENT-PART -1- ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS

Standard Procurement Procedures

Any company  procures equipment and materials according to the following Standard Procurement Procedure.

1. Prospective Supplier Selection

Prospective suppliers will generally be selected from Company list of registered suppliers after the Management receives a request for procurement from a section that needs equipment or materials.

2. Bid Request

Company generally procures a product by means of competitive bidding, whereby two or more potential suppliers are asked to offer proposals. Company may request a proposal from a specific supplier, however, when technical competence, patents, production capacity, equipment compatibility, or other factor is of particular importance.

3. Bid Submission

Written proposals will be deemed valid only if they meet Company deadlines, specifications, and conditions. Proposals based on specifications different from those designated by Company will be considered, however, if such alternative specifications satisfy Company functional and performance requirements.

4. Supplier Selection and Price Negotiation

As a general rule, Company negotiates the final price of a contract with the low bidder only. Unsuccessful bidders will be informed of the results upon request.

5. Contract Conclusion

A contract should, in principle, be in compliance with the clauses prescribed by Company when placing an order. When circumstances necessitate, however, a contract may be drawn up in accordance with terms and conditions agreed upon between Company and the supplier.

6. Delivery, Inspection, and Payment

Products will be inspected upon delivery by Company to confirm conformance with contract stipulations. The supplier’s presence at such inspection and/or assistance may be requested.
Payment is usually made in the month following acceptance. If warranted, such as when long lead time is needed to manufacture a certain type of product, Company Electric will make scheduled disbursements or other special payment arrangements.

7. Other

• A party to the contract shall not divulge classified or otherwise sensitive information in its possession without the express written consent of the other party.
• Company may also make formal claim for damages due to late delivery of contracted goods.
• Any questions or comments for Company at any stage of the procurement procedure should be addressed to the Management Company will respond to each party in good faith.

Basic Procurement Policy

1. Adherence to legal regulations and social standards of conduct

In material procuring activities, domestic and overseas laws, regulations and morals will be observed, and will act with noble intentions.

1. Securing of safety and health

Safety and health will be secured by performing any and all necessary measures regarding safety and health during the procuring activity.

1. Active efforts in environmental problems

Environmental products and work methods will be actively purchased and utilized towards creating a society that is able to continue developing.

1. Management and protection of information

Information gained through the procuring activities will be properly controlled, to maintain secrecy.

1. Provision of fair participation opportunities

To perform high-quality, economic procurement, doors are open for desired domestic and foreign suppliers, and a fair participation opportunity will be provided.

1. Selection of suppliers

For the selection of suppliers, the reliability of management, cost, quality, safety of the product, accuracy of the supply and work schedule, consideration for safety and health, technical ability, after-sales service, stable supply ability, response during a problem, corporate stance (work in compliance/consideration for the environment/protection of human rights, and other CSR viewpoints) are reviewed as a whole, and is selected fairly.

1. Establishment of mutual trust with the supplier

Mutual trust will be built with the supplier through fair purchasing transactions, and we will work to establish a trade relationship that will allow both parties to prosper in the long term.

1. Contribution to the local societies

Through the procuring activities, we will work to become good partners with our suppliers, working together for the progress and development of the local societies.

Suppliers Responsibility

1. Adherence to legal regulations and social standards of conduct

Observing all laws, regulations, and morals in countries and regions of supplier operations

• All laws (countries, regional common law, trade laws, copyrights, labor laws, personal information protection laws, antitrust laws, subcontractor protection laws) and social morals.
• Prohibition of child labor and forced labor
• Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of gender, disability or race. Consideration for disadvantaged persons.
• Protection of human rights in consideration for laws and cultures of individual countries.
• Protection of the freedom to form unions and right of group negotiations, and protection of laborers rights.

2. Securing of safety and health

Upholding laws and regulations regarding safety and health, upholding social rules, and abolishment of labour accidents and public accidents through creation of a safe and clean work environment.

3. Active efforts in environmental problems

Working towards creating a society that is able to continue developing, reduce environmental loads involved in various business activities, in addition to active efforts to creating products and work methods that are considerate for the environment.

• Effort to acquire the international standard for environmental management system approval (ISO 14001)
• Performing “green procurement” and active efforts in creating environmental products.

4. Management and protection of information

Appropriate management of information gained through transactions, and protection of secrecy.

5. Securing appropriate quality

Building a quality assurance structure for maintaining appropriate quality

• Continued supply of materials and services that satisfy specifications and quality sought for by Company.
• Upholding safety standards
• Continued maintenance and improvement of technical ability
• Effort to acquire the international standard for quality control and quality assurance (ISO9001)

6. Supply at a reasonable price

To continually provide materials and services at an appropriate competitive price, and efforts towards continued cost reductions.

7. Adherence to deadlines

Following delivery and work period deadlines, and creation of a stable supply / service structure.

8. Provision of good after-sales services

Fast and appropriate service during disasters, accidents, and other emergency situations, cooperation in maintenance, and appropriate response and guarantee when claims and problems occur.

Example of generator procurement

any generator procurement depends upon the following  main elements of an electrical generates which is  generally classified as follows 

(1) Engine
(2) Alternator
(3) Fuel System
(4) Voltage Regulator
(5) Cooling and Exhaust Systems
(6) Lubrication System
(7) Battery Charger
(8) Control Panel
(9) Main Assembly / Frame

A description of the most elements of a generator is given below.

(1) Engine
The engine is that the supply of the input energy to the generator. the scale of the engine is directly proportional to the most power output the generator will provide. There ar many factors that you simply ought to detain mind whereas assessing the engine of your generator. The manufacturer of the engine ought to be consulted to get full engine operation specifications and maintenance schedules.

(a) kind of Fuel Used – Generator engines operate a range of fuels like diesel, gasoline, fuel (in liquefied or vaporish form), or gas. Smaller engines sometimes operate gas whereas larger engines run on diesel, liquid fuel, fuel gas, or gas. sure engines may also operate a twin feed of each diesel and gas in a very bi-fuel operation mode.

(b) Overhead Valve (OHV) Engines versus non-OHV Engines – OHV engines take issue from alternative engines in this the intake and exhaust valves of the engine ar settled within the head of the engine’s cylinder as hostile being mounted on the block. OHV engines have many blessings over alternative engines such as:

? Compact style
? less complicated operation mechanism
? sturdiness
? easy in operations
? Low noise throughout operations
? Low emission levels

However, OHV-engines are dearer than alternative engines.

(c) forged iron Sleeve (CIS) in Engine Cylinder – The CIS could be a lining within the cylinder of the engine. It reduces wear and tear, and ensures sturdiness of the engine. Most OHV-engines ar equipped with CIS however it’s essential to ascertain for this feature within the engine of a generator. The CIS isn’t a chic feature however it plays a crucial role in engine sturdiness particularly if you wish to use your generator usually or for long durations.

(2) generator
The generator, conjointly referred to as the ‘genhead’, is that the a part of the generator that produces the electrical output from the mechanical input provided by the engine. It contains Associate in Nursing assembly of stationary and moving components sheathed in a very housing. The elements work along to cause relative movement between the magnetic and electrical fields, that successively generates electricity.

(a) mechanical device – this is often the stationary element. It contains a group of electrical conductors wound in coils over Associate in Nursing iron core.

(b) Rotor / coil – this is often the moving element that produces a rotating flux in anybody of the subsequent 3 ways:

(i) By induction – These ar referred to as brushless alternators and ar sometimes utilized in massive   generators.
(ii) By permanent magnets – this is often common in tiny generator units.
(iii) By victimisation Associate in Nursing exciter – Associate in Nursing exciter could be a tiny supply of electrical energy (DC) that energizes the rotor through Associate in Nursing assembly of conducting slip rings and brushes.

The rotor generates a moving flux round the mechanical device, that induces a voltage distinction between the windings of the mechanical device. This produces the AC (AC) output of the generator.

The following ar the factors that you simply ought to detain mind whereas assessing the generator of a generator:

(a) Metal versus Plastic Housing – Associate in Nursing all-metal style ensures sturdiness of the generator. Plastic housings get unshapely with time and cause the moving components of the generator to be exposed. This will increase wear and tear and a lot of significantly, is unsafe to the user.

(b) Ball Bearings versus Needle Bearings – Ball bearings ar most well-liked and last longer.

(c) Brushless style – Associate in Nursing generator that doesn’t use brushes needs less maintenance and conjointly produces cleaner power.

(3) equipment
The fuel tank sometimes has decent capability to stay the generator operational for six to eight hours on a median. within the case of tiny generator units, the fuel tank could be a a part of the generator’s skid base or is mounted on high of the generator frame. For industrial applications, it should be necessary to erect Associate in Nursingd install an external fuel tank. All such installations ar subject to the approval of the town coming up with Division.  Click the subsequent link for more details concerning fuel tanks for generators.

Common options of the equipment embrace the following:

(a) Pipe association from fuel tank to engine – the availability line directs fuel from the tank to the engine and therefore the come back line directs fuel from the engine to the tank.

(b) Ventilation pipe for fuel tank – The fuel tank includes a ventilation pipe to forestall the build-up of pressure or vacuum throughout renewal and drain of the tank. once you refill the fuel tank, guarantee metal-to-metal contact between the filler nozzle and therefore the fuel tank to avoid sparks.

(c) Overflow association from fuel tank to the drain pipe – this is often needed so any overflow throughout renewal of the tank doesn’t cause spillage of the liquid on the generator set.

(d) Fuel pump – This transfers fuel from the most vessel to the day tank. The fuel pump is often electrically operated.

(e) Fuel Water setup / filter – This separates water and foreign matter from the liquid fuel to guard alternative elements of the generator from corrosion and contamination.

(f) Fuel contrivance – This atomizes the liquid fuel and sprays the specified quantity of fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine.

(4) transformer
As the name implies, this element regulates the output voltage of the generator. The mechanism is delineate below against every element that plays a district within the cyclic  method of voltage regulation.

(1) Voltage Regulator: Conversion of AC Voltage to DC Current – The transformer takes up alittle portion of the generator’s output of AC voltage and converts it into DC current. The transformer then feeds this DC current to a group of secondary windings within the mechanical device, referred to as exciter windings.

(2) Exciter Windings: Conversion of DC Current to AC Current – The exciter windings currently perform the same as the first mechanical device windings and generate alittle AC current. The exciter windings ar connected to units referred to as rotating rectifiers.

(3) Rotating Rectifiers: Conversion of AC Current to DC Current – These rectify the AC current generated by the exciter windings and convert it to DC current. This DC current is fed to the rotor / coil to make Associate in Nursing electromagnetic field additionally to the rotating flux of the rotor / coil.

(4) Rotor / Armature: Conversion of DC Current to AC Voltage – The rotor / coil currently induces a bigger AC voltage across the windings of the mechanical device, that the generator currently produces as a bigger output AC voltage.

This cycle continues until the generator begins to supply output voltage resembling its full operative capability. because the output of the generator will increase, the transformer produces less DC current. Once the generator reaches full operative capability, the transformer attains a state of equilibrium and produces only enough DC current to take care of the generator’s output at full operative level.

When you add a load to a generator, its output voltage dips somewhat. This prompts the transformer into action and therefore the higher than cycle begins. The cycle continues until the generator output ramps up to its original full operative capability.

(5) Cooling & Exhaust Systems
(a) Cooling System
Continuous usage of the generator causes its varied elements to urge het. it’s essential to own a cooling and ventilation to withdraw heat made within the method.

Raw/fresh water is usually  used as a agent for generators, however these ar principally restricted to specific things like tiny generators in town applications or terribly massive units over 2250 kilowatt and higher than. atomic number 1 is usually used as a agent for the mechanical device windings of enormous generator units since it’s a lot of economical at engrossing heat than alternative coolants. atomic number 1 removes heat from the generator and transfers it through a device into a secondary cooling circuit that contains de-mineralized water as a agent. {this is|this is usually|this can be} why terribly massive generators and little power plants often have massive cooling towers next to them.  For all alternative common applications, each residential and industrial, a regular radiator and fan is mounted on the generator and works because the primary cooling system.

It is essential to ascertain the agent levels of the generator on a routine. The cooling system and raw pump ought to be flushed when each 600 hours and therefore the device ought to be cleansed when each a pair of,400 hours of generator operation. The generator ought to be placed in Associate in Nursing open and aired space that has adequate provide of contemporary air. The National electrical Code (NEC) mandates that a minimum area of three feet ought to be allowed on all sides of the generator to confirm free flow of cooling air.

(b) system
Exhaust fumes emitted by a generator ar similar to exhaust from the other diesel or gasonline engine and contain extremely hepatotoxic chemicals that require to be properly managed. Hence, it’s essential to put in Associate in Nursing adequate system to eliminate the exhaust gases. now cannot be emphasised enough as carbon monoxide gas poisoning remains one amongst the foremost common causes for death in post cyclone affected areas as a result of folks tend to not even deem it till it’s too late.

Exhaust pipes ar sometimes fabricated from forged iron, atomic number 26, or steel. These ought to be detached and will not be supported by the engine of the generator. Exhaust pipes ar sometimes hooked up to the engine victimisation versatile connectors to reduce vibrations and forestall harm to the generator’s system. The piping terminates outdoors and leads off from doors, windows and alternative openings to the house or building. you want to make sure that the system of your generator isn’t connected thereto of the other instrumentation. you must conjointly consult the native town ordinances to see whether or not your generator operation can ought to acquire Associate in Nursing approval from the native authorities to confirm you’re orthodox to native laws a shield against fines and alternative penalties.

(6) force-feed lubricating system
Since the generator contains moving components in its engine, it needs lubrication to confirm sturdiness and sleek operations for a protracted amount of your time. The generator’s engine is lubricated  by oil hold on in a very pump. you must check the extent of grease each eight hours of generator operation. you must conjointly check for any leakages of lubricator and alter the grease each five hundred hours of generator operation.

(7) device
The start perform of a generator is battery-operated. The device keeps the generator battery charged by provision it with a particular ‘float’ voltage. If the float voltage is extremely low, the battery can stay undercharged. If the float voltage is extremely high, it’ll shorten the lifetime of the battery. Battery chargers ar sometimes fabricated from stainless-steel to forestall corrosion. they’re conjointly absolutely automatic and don’t need any changes to be created or any settings to be modified. The DC output voltage of the device is ready at a pair of.33 Volts per cell, that is that the precise float voltage for lead acid batteries. The device has Associate in Nursing isolated DC voltage output that will interfere with the traditional functioning of the generator.

(8) control board
This is the programme of the generator and contains provisions for electrical shops and controls. the subsequent article provides more details concerning the generator control board. completely different makers have varied options to supply within the management panels of their units. a number of these ar mentioned below.

(a) electrical begin and shut-down – automobile begin management panels mechanically begin your generator throughout an influence outage, monitor the generator whereas operational, and mechanically pack up the unit once now not needed.

(b) Engine gauges – completely different gauges indicate vital parameters like force per unit area, temperature of agent, battery voltage, engine rotation speed, and period of operation. Constant activity and observance of those parameters permits intrinsic  pack up of the generator once any of those cross their individual threshold levels.

(c) Generator gauges – The control board conjointly has meters for the activity of output current and voltage, and operative frequency.

(d) alternative controls – section electric switch, frequency switch, and engine management switch (manual mode, automobile mode) among others.

(9) Main Assembly / Frame
All generators, transportable or stationary, have custom-built housings that offer a structural base support. The frame conjointly permits for the generated to be earthed for safety.

like the generator procurement all other electrical procurement can be done on the basis of requirement and specifications.

LIST OF ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS PROCUREMENT