Preventing Workplace Sexual Harassment – The Shift to Positive Duty
iHR Australia
Australia’s leading platform for workplace training, investigation and mediations, and HR outsourcing solutions.
Published on iHR Australia's website on 30 March 2023 ?by?Paula Bruce ?– Senior Workplace Relations Adviser, iHR Australia.
The Australian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) Inquiry 2020 found sexual harassment to be pervasive in Australian workplaces. The AHRC Inquiry found?sexual harassment impacts as many as one in three workers, and?of those affected, 18% do not report the incidents to their managers.
On 28 November 2022, the Anti-Discrimination and Human Rights Legislation (Respect@Work) Bill introduced a positive duty on managers to ensure preventative measures are in place to eliminate discrimination, workplace sexual harassment and victimisation in the workplace.
Importantly,??sexual harassment is a persistent?social problem driven by gender inequality and often exacerbated for certain groups. Preventing sexual harassment and discrimination starts with an understanding that it is preventable.
We asked Paula Bruce, Workplace Dispute Resolution expert at iHR Australia to help zero in on the recent changes that requires employers to shift their focus to actively prevent workplace sexual harassment and discrimination.
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Behaviours and Attitudes?that Normalise Workplace Sexual Harassment
The AHRC Inquiry found the two most reported types of behaviour were sexually suggestive comments or jokes and intrusive questions/remarks about a person’s private life or their physical appearance.
Even scenarios where a person is exposed to or witnesses sexually suggestive conduct such as overhearing inappropriate conversations between co-workers can be deemed as sexual harassment in the workplace, according to Fair Work.
To ‘sexually harass’ has the same meaning in?S12 of the Fair Work Act and S28A of the Anti-Discrimination Act. That is, a person sexually harasses another person if:
Sexual harassment is prohibited where it occurs during or ‘in connection’ with one of the persons being a worker, a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) work or functions in relation to work such as a Christmas or a New Year’s party.
The phrase?‘in connection with work’?at?Part 3 5A Fair Work Legislation Amendment (Secure Jobs, Better Pay) Act 2022?is not legally defined but carries significance in the workplace. The action does not have to occur in the workplace but refers to a relationship formed in connection with work.
Common indicators of Sexual Harassment in workplaces
Gender inequality, or power disparity is identified to be one of the key drivers of workplace sexual harassment, amongst other factors like trivialising the behaviour and male peer relations that perpetuates a culture of disrespect towards women.
Other systemic factors that contributed to the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment were found to be:
How recommendations have been made to shift to positive duty on leaders in the workplace?
The ?Respect at Work Bill 2022 implements?7 of the 55 recommendations?from the AHRC?Respect@Work Report . It is a recognition of a right to safety at work.
The legislation imposes on employers a positive duty to take reasonable and proportionate measures to eliminate sex discrimination, harassment, and victimisation and to eliminate or manage associated hazards and risks to a worker’s health, which includes psychological safety.
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Workplaces are required to make a shift from a reactive approach in responding to workplace sexual harassment to an obligation to?conduct assessments by reference to structural and cultural drivers?and then take the positive steps to?demonstrate the implementation of a plan.
The assessment of risk needs to be ‘reasonable’, which means considering the size of the organisation, nature of business, resources, business and operational priorities, cost and other relevant factors. The review process may include culture reviews, changes to personnel, rostering and supervision arrangements, and targeted learning and development such as?leadership training ?or a special training on anti-bullying, harassment and sexual harassment in the workplace.
Unless employers can demonstrate that they have taken “reasonable and proportionate”?measures, they may be held vicariously liable for the sexual harassment behaviour of their employees.
Employees have the right to apply to the Fair Work Commission for orders to stop sexual harassment in the workplace from continuing, and to deal with disputes (which may also be referred to the courts).
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Who can make a difference in relation to workplace harassment?
Having stringent policies and regulations around harassment prevention is critical but the duty does not end there, and organisations need to explore ways to ensure the victim feels safe enough to report incidents.
Organisations should undertake an appropriate form of risk assessment to gain knowledge about how psychosocial factors are experienced in different groups. There is a need to act in a way that is reasonable and proportionate to the issues identified to eliminate the risk.
Employees should be encouraged and required to make reports in a safe and reliable complaints system. Transparent complaints handling processes that provide appropriate confidentiality can help vulnerable employees to report incidents, and gain knowledge and support on how to reach best outcomes.
Greater action at the leadership is imperative in reducing the incidence and impact of sexual harassment at an individual level.
For organisations looking to develop a workplace sexual harassment prevention model, here are six minimum standards to comply with:
Based on these standards, organisations can develop and implement a highly structured, multi-pronged model that focuses on:
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Where to from here?
We recommend you making it a priority to update your?current workplace policies ?and review processes to implement practical preventative measures to workplace sexual harassment. Our?workplace sexual harassment training for leaders ?is led by our industry expert, Paula Bruce along with the help of professional actors who recreate realistic scenarios to highlight the risks and harms of workplace misconduct and discrimination. There are upcoming public sessions in?Melbourne ?and?Sydney .
Our programs help leaders like yourself to start practicing and encouraging your staff to be vocal and confident in having?uncomfortable yet necessary conversations ?in the workplace about harassment and discrimination.
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