Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in COPD Patients and Its Consequences

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by persistent limitation of airflow that is usually progressive. In addition, exacerbations and co-existent morbidities contribute to the overall severity of the individual patient. Cardiovascular comorbidities are common in COPD and are associated with an increased risk of death. To date, the underlying mechanisms can only be partially understood. In addition to smoking, other factors may play a role, including old age, medication, systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders.. read more