"Predict" summer?? "Prevent" health

Summer is the peak season for infectious diseases. Some common summer infectious diseases, such as norovirus-infected diarrhea, influenza, hand, foot and mouth disease, herpetic pharyngitis, chickenpox, and mumps, are easily spread in crowded places such as schools and shopping malls. Here, we remind all friends to take good disease prevention and health care measures.

The main symptoms, transmission routes and prevention measures of common infectious diseases in summer.

01 Norovirus-induced diarrhea

Norovirus infectious diarrhea is acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus infection.

Main symptoms:

The most common symptoms are vomiting and diarrhea, followed by nausea, abdominal pain, headache, fever, chills and muscle aches. Diarrhea is more common in adults, while vomiting is more common in children.

Transmission route:

?It can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route (including ingestion of aerosols produced by feces or vomitus), indirect contact with the environment contaminated by excrement, contaminated food and water.

Preventive measures:

1. Wash your hands correctly according to the seven-step hand washing method before meals, after defecation, and before processing food. Wash with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds. Alcohol-containing disinfectant wipes and hand-free disinfectants are ineffective against norovirus and cannot replace hand washing.

2. Do not drink raw water, wash vegetables, fruits and melons thoroughly, and cook food thoroughly, especially oysters and other shellfish and seafood foods, which must be cooked thoroughly before eating.

3. Norovirus infected people excrete the virus 3 to 4 days after becoming ill, and their feces are still contagious 3 days after the symptoms disappear, so they should be isolated as much as possible. During this period, patients should wash their hands frequently, keep their hands clean, try not to have close contact with other healthy family members, eat and sleep separately, and especially do not cook or take care of the elderly and infants. Severe cases should be isolated and treated in a medical institution.

4. Keep the indoor temperature appropriate and open windows for ventilation regularly. Chlorine-containing preparations are needed to disinfect the environment and objects contaminated by the patient's vomit or feces.

5. Maintain a healthy lifestyle such as regular work and rest, a reasonable diet, and moderate exercise to enhance physical resistance.

02??Influenza

Influenza, ?is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus. It is mainly transmitted through air droplets and close contact, and manifests as fever, headache, body aches, fatigue and other symptoms. Influenza virus is prone to mutation and highly contagious, which can easily cause epidemic spread.

Preventive measures:

An effective way to prevent influenza is to wash your hands frequently and try to touch your eyes and nose as little as possible. Reduce the time in the air-conditioned room, and control the temperature of the air-conditioned room to be 4°C different from the outdoor temperature. In summer, you should eat light food, avoid raw, cold and spicy food, and maintain a good attitude to enhance your own resistance.

03 Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an acute infectious disease caused by enterovirus. There are many viruses that cause hand, foot and mouth disease, such as enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackie virus, echovirus, etc. Severe cases of hand, foot and mouth disease are mainly caused by EV71 virus infection. It mostly occurs in children under 5 years old.

Main symptoms:

In the early stage of the disease, there will be symptoms similar to colds, fever, painless rashes or blisters on the palms, soles, and buttocks, and painful ulcers in the mouth, leading to difficulty in swallowing and loss of appetite.

Transmission route:

It is mainly transmitted through air (droplets), mouth, close contact, etc., and it is possible to be infected by touching towels, toys, tooth cups, tableware, baby bottles, bedding and other items used by patients.

Preventive measures:

1. Wash children's hands with soap or hand sanitizer before meals, after defecation, and after going out.

2. Pay attention to maintaining the hygiene of the home environment, ventilate the room frequently, and dry clothes and quilts frequently.

3. Tableware used by children should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before and after use; do not let children drink raw water or eat raw and cold food.

4. During the high incidence period of hand, foot and mouth disease, it is not advisable to take children to public places where people gather and air circulation is poor, and avoid contact with sick children.

5. Children with fever, rash and other related symptoms should go to the hospital in time.

6. Children with hand, foot and mouth disease who are treated at home should avoid contact with other children to reduce cross infection; parents should dry or disinfect the children's clothes in time, and disinfect the children's feces in time.

04?Herpetic pharyngitis

Caused by enterovirus, it is characterized by acute fever and herpes ulcers in the pharyngeal isthmus. Its symptoms are mainly manifested by the appearance of herpes in the oral pharyngeal isthmus. Other symptoms include fever, sore throat, cough, and digestive tract symptoms such as anorexia, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The disease is highly contagious, and its incubation period is generally 3 to 5 days.

Preventive measures:

1. Wash your hands frequently, especially before meals and after defecation. It is recommended to wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer and running water.

2. Ventilate more, open doors and windows regularly for ventilation, keep indoor air circulation, and keep indoor temperature and humidity appropriate.

3. Do not gather in groups. Try to avoid crowded places during the epidemic.

4. Strengthen disinfection. Children's toys, bowls, chopsticks or clothes should be thoroughly disinfected.

05?Chickenpox

An acute infectious disease caused by varicella-zoster virus infection. It is characterized by fever and the appearance of red maculopapular rashes, herpes, and scabs on the skin and mucous membranes. The rash is distributed centripetally, mainly on the chest, abdomen, back, and rarely on the limbs.

Main symptoms:

It manifests as fever, and the rash appears in batches quickly. The rash begins as pink needle-sized macules, which turn into papules within a few hours, and then turn into protruding and plump small vesicles filled with fluid after a few hours. The herpes is oval, 2-5mm in size, with a circle of red halo at the base. When the herpes begins to dry, the red halo disappears and scabs.

The characteristic manifestation of the rash is that the rash appears in batches and continuously, with centripetal distribution, and each batch lasts 1-6 days. Therefore, the "four generations living together" phenomenon of macules, papules, herpes, and scabs can appear in the same part.

Transmission route:

It is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact, or through contact with toys, bedding, and towels contaminated with varicella virus.

Preventive measures:

The most effective way to prevent chickenpox is to get vaccinated with a live attenuated varicella vaccine, which generally takes about 2 weeks to protect against the disease. Try not to have face-to-face communication with patients at close range to avoid being infected by the virus in their droplets. Maintain good personal hygiene habits, keep indoor air flowing, keep your hands clean, and wash your hands immediately after they are contaminated by respiratory secretions. Isolate your child immediately after discovering that he or she is infected.

06?Epidemic parotitis

Main symptoms:

Most cases have an acute onset, with systemic discomfort such as fever, chills, headache, and sore throat. After a few hours, one side of the parotid gland swells and hurts, and it hurts more when chewing. After 1 to 4 days, the parotid gland on the other side also swells and hurts, the surface is hot, and there is elasticity and tenderness when pressed by hand. It reaches its peak in 3 to 5 days and gradually subsides in 7 to 10 days.

Transmission route:

It is transmitted through droplets, and a few are transmitted through utensils. The virus invades the human body through the respiratory tract, causing swelling of the parotid gland or submandibular gland

Preventive measures:

Vaccination: Clinically, there are usually a variety of vaccines such as mumps live attenuated vaccine and measles, mumps and rubella combined live attenuated vaccine to reduce the probability of mumps. Avoid close contact: mumps is usually contagious. Therefore, during the epidemic of respiratory diseases, try to avoid going to public places and confined spaces with large crowds, and wear a mask when going out.

Preventive measures for common infectious diseases in summer

1. Wash your hands frequently. Washing your hands frequently is an important measure to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. It is recommended to wash your hands frequently, especially after coughing or sneezing, before eating, or after contact with polluted environments.

2. Keep the environment clean and ventilated. Keep your home environment clean and well ventilated. Clean the room frequently and open the windows for ventilation for a certain period of time every day.

3. The weather is changeable, so pay attention to adding or removing clothes in time. The addition or removal of clothes in summer should be appropriate and adjusted in time according to weather conditions. Also pay attention to the phenomenon that children sweat more and are prone to catching cold after exercise.

4. Try to reduce activities in crowded places. During the high incidence season of respiratory infectious diseases, try to avoid crowded public places as much as possible to reduce the chance of contact with sick people. Try to avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections and wear a mask at ordinary times.

5. Maintain good hygiene habits. When coughing or sneezing, cover your mouth and nose with tissues, towels, etc., wash your hands after coughing or sneezing, and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with your hands.

6. If you have symptoms, you should rest at home and seek medical attention as soon as possible. If your child has symptoms such as fever and cough, you should let him rest at home. Wear a mask in public places to avoid spreading the virus to other people. If the symptoms are severe, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible to get effective treatment in time.

7. Get relevant vaccines in time. Common infectious diseases generally have vaccines, and timely vaccination is the best way to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases.

There are many types of infectious diseases in summer. As long as we do a good job of prevention, early detection, early isolation, early diagnosis, and early treatment, we can effectively block the spread and spread of infectious diseases.