Power System Operating Procedures??Why to Develop & Update Regularly ? ??

Power Systems need procedures to ensure safe and efficient operation. Procedures help to establish standardized methods for performing tasks and help to ensure that all personnel involved in the operation of the power system are following the same guidelines. This can help to prevent accidents, equipment damage, and power outages. Procedures can also help to ensure that the power system is operated in compliance with regulations and industry standards.

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BENEFITS OF POWER SYSTEM OPERATING PROCEDURES ?

The benefits of power system operation procedures include improved reliability, increased efficiency, and enhanced safety. By following established procedures, power system operators can ensure that the grid operates smoothly and that disruptions are minimized. This can help to prevent power outages and other disruptions that can be costly for both utilities and customers. Additionally, following established procedures can help to increase the efficiency of power system operations, which can lead to cost savings and other benefits. Finally, well-designed power system operation procedures can help to ensure the safety of workers and the public by providing clear guidelines for safe operation and maintenance of power system equipment.

POWER SYSTEM OPERATING PROCEDURES UPDATIONS ?

Power system procedures need updating for a variety of reasons, including changes in technology, changes in regulations, changes in the power grid infrastructure, and changes in the operating environment. As technology advances, new tools and systems become available that can improve the efficiency and reliability of power systems. Additionally, regulations may change to reflect new safety or environmental concerns. The power grid infrastructure itself may also change over time, with new substations, transmission lines, and other components being added or upgraded.

The frequency of updating power system procedures can vary depending on the specific procedures and the needs of the power system. However, it is generally recommended that power system procedures be reviewed and updated on a regular basis to ensure that they remain current and effective. This may involve reviewing procedures on an annual or bi-annual basis, or more frequently if there are significant changes to the power system or regulatory requirements. It is also important to review and update procedures in response to any incidents or near-misses that may occur, in order to identify areas for improvement and prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future.

Finally, the operating environment may change due to factors such as weather patterns, changes in energy demand, or the introduction of new types of energy sources. All of these factors can impact the effectiveness of existing power system procedures, making it necessary to update them to ensure that they remain effective and reliable.

These standards include a variety of power system procedures that must be followed by entities responsible for operating and maintaining the power grid. Some examples of power system procedures discussed in general below:

1. Emergency operations procedures: These procedures outline the steps to be taken during emergency situations, such as blackouts, to ensure the safety and reliability of the power system.

2. Transmission operations procedures: These procedures cover the day-to-day operation of the transmission system, including the scheduling and dispatch of power, the management of congestion, and the maintenance of reliability.

3. Generation operations procedures: These procedures cover the operation of power plants, including start-up and shutdown procedures, load following, and coordination with the transmission system.

4. Planning procedures: These procedures cover the long-term planning of the power system, including the development of new transmission and generation facilities, as well as the assessment of future power needs.

5. Cybersecurity procedures: These procedures cover the protection of the power system from cyber threats, including the identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities, incident response, and recovery.

6. Operating procedures: These are procedures that guide the operation of the power system, including procedures for starting up and shutting down equipment, switching operations, and emergency response.

7. Maintenance procedures: These are procedures that guide the maintenance and repair of power system equipment, including procedures for routine maintenance, troubleshooting, and equipment replacement.

8. Safety procedures: These are procedures that guide the safe operation of the power system, including procedures for working with high voltage equipment, personal protective equipment, and emergency response.

9. Environmental procedures: These are procedures that guide the power system's compliance with environmental regulations, including procedures for waste management, emissions control, and spill response.

10. Training procedures: These are procedures that guide the training of power system personnel, including procedures for onboarding new employees, ongoing training, and certification requirements.

11. Testing procedures: These include procedures for testing equipment, measuring power quality, and conducting system studies.

12. Communication procedures: These include procedures for communication between different departments and personnel, as well as procedures for communication with external stakeholders such as customers and regulatory agencies.

13. System Operator Security: This procedure covers the security of the electricity transmission system. It includes measures to protect the system from physical and cyber threats, as well as procedures for responding to security incidents.

14. Connection and Use of System Code: This code sets out the rules for connecting new generators, storage facilities, and other types of electricity generation and storage to the grid. It also covers the use of the transmission system by electricity suppliers and other users.

15. Capacity Market Rules: This set of rules governs the operation of the Capacity Market, which is a mechanism for ensuring that there is enough electricity generation capacity available to meet demand in the UK. It includes requirements for the participation of generators, demand-side response providers, and other market participants.

16. Network operation procedures: These procedures outline the steps to be taken to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the power system, including contingency plans in case of unexpected events.

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list, and there may be other types of power system procedures depending on the specific needs of the power system.

The below is the list of Top 16 Transmission System Operators of world based on their transmission network length and the amount of electricity they transmit (error & emission possible):

1. State Grid Corporation of China

2. Power Grid?Corporation of?India?Limited

3. National Grid plc (UK)

4. Electricite de France (EDF)

5. PJM Interconnection (USA)

6. Russian Grids

7. Tokyo Electric Power Company (Japan)

8. Kansai Electric Power Company (Japan)

9. Chubu Electric Power Company (Japan)

10. TEIAS (Turkey)

11. KEPCO (South Korea)

12. Terna (Italy)

13. EirGrid (Ireland)

14. TenneT (Netherlands)

15. Amprion (Germany)

16. Elia Group (Belgium)

Please see the below list for the Power System Operating Procedures; these procedures could be different from TSO to Interconnection/TSO's/TNO's/DSO's.., it depend on any energy utility organization, system design, working area, boundary & many others factors. Important ones are highlighted.....

1.Power System Security Guidelines

2. Short Term Reserve Management

3. Failure of Market or Market Systems

4. Non Market Ancillary Services

5. Load Forecasting

6. Emergency Reserve Trading

7. Outage Assessment

8. Outage scheduling operating procedures

9.Transmission Outage Scheduling

10. Assignment of Responsibilities

11. Maintenance of Communications, Computers, Metering and Support

12. Action During a Capacity Deficiency

13.Estimates of Additional Generation and Load Relief

14. Resource Maintenance and Outage Scheduling

15.Operable Capacity Calculations

16.Action In An Emergency

17.Instructions for Implementation of Manual Load Shedding

18. Operating Reserve and Regulation

19.Scheduling and Dispatch of External Transactions

20. Scheduling Reductions and Curtailments of Real-time External Transactions Under Standard Market Design

21.Emergency Incident and Disturbance Notifications

22.Regulatory Agency Reports of Major System Disturbance, Outage, Incident

23.Communications and Power System Reporting Matrix

24. Blackstart Resource Administration, Instructions & Test Log

25.Voltage and Reactive Control Procedure

26.Standards for Voltage Reduction and Load Shedding Capability

27. Underfrequency Load Shedding Program Requirements

28.Generators, Demand Response Resources, Asset Related Demands, and Alternative Technology Regulation Resources

29. Wind Plant Operator Guide

30. Solar Plant Operator Guide

31. Continuous Storage Facility Operators Guider Equipment

32. Instructions for Submission of Short Circuit Data

33. Load Power Factor Correction

34. Methodology for Developing Load Power Factor Standards

35. Transmission Operations

36. Extreme Contingencies

37.Contingency List and Criteria/Limits

38.Operating Voltage Limits

39.Analysis and Reporting of Power System Incidents

40.Operational Surveys, Energy Forecasting & Reporting and Actions During An Energy Emergency

41.Electric Operations Committee’s Operations Communications Protocol

42.Disturbance Monitoring Requirements

43.Off-Line Reserve Audit

44.Protection Outages, Settings and Coordination

45.Generator Relay Settings

46.Transmission Relaying Characteristics

47. ITC Operating Agreement

48.Temporary Restoration Path

49.Coordination of Generator Voltage Regulator & Power System Stabilizer Outages

50.Generators Requiring PSS Devices In/Out of Service

51.Interconnection/Synchronization Checklist

52.Geomagnetic Disturbance Operating Plan

53.Operating Plan for Operating Emergencies

54.Operating Plan for Operating Emergencies

55. Blackstart drill & dummy exercises

56.Contingency Impact Evaluation

57. Restoration Exercise Checklist

58.Nuclear Plant Transmission Operations

59. Planning Procedures

60.Power System Oscillations

61.Remedial Action Scheme Guidelines

62.Action During a Capacity Deficiency

63.Shift Supervisor Operating Procedure