POLICING UNDER IHRL IN PAKISTAN
ASGHAR REHMAN
Consultant on Law enforcement training and capacity Building, Safety and security expert, International Humanitarian and Human Rights Law practitioner,
?? How to promote the best Policing
? ???????Practices in Pakistan?
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By:?
???????????????????? Asghar Rehman Marwat
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Introduction: Law enforcement in Pakistan constitutes one of the three primary components of the criminal justice system, alongside courts and prisons. The responsibility for law enforcement is shared among federal and provincial police services, as well as other supporting agencies. Over time, the law enforcement system has faced criticism from both the public and international organizations, often through media channels. Despite various governmental efforts to reform it, further development is necessary to bring it up to international standards.
The police primarily operate under the jurisdiction of the four provincial governments and the Islamabad Capital Territory police system, with each police service confined to its respective province or territory. In addition to investigating crimes and apprehending suspects pending judicial action, law enforcement agencies also execute warrants, writs, and other court orders.
Moreover, these agencies play a crucial role in providing emergency response and ensuring public safety, as well as safeguarding infrastructure and maintaining law and order nationwide. At the federal level, several law enforcement agencies exist, including the Federal Investigation Agency, Intelligence Bureau, Anti-Narcotics Force, National Counter Terrorism Authority, National Highways and Motorway Police, and the Railways Police. Additionally, each province and state (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) has its own police service, such as the Punjab Police, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police, Sindh Police, Balochistan Police, Gilgit Baltistan Police, and AJ&K Police.
Furthermore, paramilitary units such as the Frontier Constabulary and Frontier Corps, operating under the direct command of the Ministry of Interior and Defense, support police services like the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police. Each police force is led by a Chief of Police, appointed as Inspector-General, who is typically the most senior officer from the Police Service of Pakistan—a component of the Central Superior Services of Pakistan.
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02: Federal Agencies:
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Provincial
?????????? Punjab Prisons (Pakistan)
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03. Désignations of PSP officers
Grade
Rank
Directorial7Secatarial appointements
BPS-17
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BPS-18
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·?????? Superintendant of Police
BPS-19
Senior Superintendent of Police
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BPS-20
Deputy Inspector General of Police
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BPS-21
Additional Inspector General of Police
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BPS-22
Inspector General of Police
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04. Policing in Pakistan: Under the 1973 Constitutional framework, policing is treated as a provincial subject in Pakistan. Each of its provinces – Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab, and Sindh, as well as Gilgit Baltistan – has its own civilian police force with jurisdiction extending only to their respective territories. Additionally, the Islamabad Capital Territory also maintains its own civilian police force. Prior to 2002, the police were governed by the 1861 Police Act, which applied nationwide.
Policing in Pakistan faces many of the problems affecting the rest of the subcontinent. Compounding these issues is the deteriorating security situation in the country, characterized by threats of insurgency, fundamentalism, crimes, and terrorism. These challenges further constrain the capabilities of the police. Despite these obstacles, police reforms have been neglected by successive governments since the country's independence.
Several efforts have been made to reform the outdated legal and institutional framework governing the police, initially through the 1861 Act. Shortly after gaining independence, a bill was passed in the Sindh province assembly in February 1948 to establish a modern police force in Karachi. However, this bill failed to come into force due to various reasons, including the lack of assent from Governor General Mohammad Ali Jinnah before his death in September 1948. Subsequently, several commissions were established to investigate police reforms, beginning with one led by Sir Oliver Gilbert Grace in 1951, followed by one chaired by Justice JB Constantine in 1961. Despite these efforts, the recommendations of these commissions were never implemented.
The lack of political will, bureaucratic resistance, and colonial legacy have all hindered reform initiatives. By the turn of the century, policing had become extremely inefficient, with growing interference in day-to-day functioning by those in power severely affecting police performance. Additionally, the growing culture of impunity, perpetuated by a series of special security and anti-terrorism legislations, further exacerbated the situation.
Recognizing the need for comprehensive reform, a focus group on police reforms was established in 1999 under Musharraf’s regime. After extensive deliberations, the recommendations of the group culminated in the Police Order 2002, representing the first effort in a Commonwealth South Asian country to incorporate democratic policing norms into police legislation. The Order aimed to transform policing into a professional, service-oriented, and accountable organization. However, it faced significant resistance from the outset, was diluted in 2004, and has since been withdrawn in many provinces, including Sindh and Balochistan.
The introduction of the National Action Plan (NAP) to curb militancy is another step towards police reforms. However, the misuse of this law has also created issues in provinces.
05. Deficiencies in Policing and its Remedies:
Awareness about IHRL: Due to limited education and awareness among lower-level subordinates and recruits, they often lack knowledge about International Human Rights Law (IHRL) despite being the first responders in the field. IHRL constitutes the body of international law aimed at promoting human rights on social, regional, and domestic levels. This corpus of law primarily comprises treaties—agreements between sovereign states intended to have binding legal effect between the parties that have ratified them—and customary international law. Additionally, other international human rights instruments, while not legally binding, contribute to the implementation, understanding, and development of IHRL and have been recognized as a source of political obligation.
The relationship between IHRL and international humanitarian law (IHL) is a subject of debate among international law scholars, forming part of a broader discussion on the fragmentation of international law. Pluralist scholars consider IHRL and IHL as distinct legal regimes, while proponents of the constitutionalist approach view IHL as a subset of IHRL. In essence, those advocating for separate, self-contained regimes emphasize the differences in applicability; notably, IHL applies solely during armed conflicts.
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While recent updates to the syllabi in Police Training Colleges across various provinces are a positive step, there remains a need for further specificity regarding the application of International Human Rights Law (IHRL) in police practical work. It is essential to ensure that police officers not only understand IHRL principles but also know how to effectively apply them in their day-to-day duties.
For instance, if a police officer possesses knowledge of IHRL but must simultaneously fulfill their responsibilities, they require training on practical techniques aligned with the standards of a civilized society. This includes instruction on appropriate procedures for conducting arrests, handling interrogations, and managing use-of-force situations in a manner consistent with human rights principles.
Furthermore, providing officers with the necessary equipment and resources is crucial to support the implementation of IHRL in their work. This may include tools for non-lethal crowd control, body-worn cameras for accountability and transparency, and ongoing training in de-escalation techniques.
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5.1: Training Facilities: Training is often perceived as tiring for trainees. The best instructors are those who know how to engage trainees in the learning process, making it easy and interesting. They utilize various techniques, some of which are listed below:
·?????? Ensuring the location/venue of the facility is pleasant.
·?????? Changing the type of activities regularly.
·?????? Incorporating mental and sometimes physical exercise techniques during classes.
·?????? Organizing social events such as mess nights with cultural shows.
·?????? Providing recreation facilities on premises and allowing leisure time.
·?????? Offering internet and other communication facilities on premises.
·?????? Arranging outdoor trips for hands-on learning experiences.
·?????? Delivering motivational lectures for mental growth.
·?????? Introducing games and extracurricular activities.
·?????? Utilizing demonstration of the best police story movies as a learning technique.
By employing these methods, instructors can make training sessions more engaging and effective, thus maximizing the learning outcomes for trainees.
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5.1.1:? Safe Driving Skills: Vehicle speed within human tolerances for avoiding serious injury and death is a key goal of modern road design because impact speed affects the severity of injury to both occupants and pedestrians. The drivers of police vehicles have no specific training academy or any other such facility for refresher courses. Driving techniques have different categories, which include normal and emergency driving skills, and any wrong act of a driver can lead the police staff traveling in that vehicle to a fatal accident. Additionally, the majority of police staff lack basic driving skills, and in the event of an emergency or injury to a driver on duty, operational staff become helpless. Road safety skills are also necessary for static police duties on roads during snap checks and at checkpoints.
Recommendations:
·?????? Establish a proper Traffic Police driving school/college equipped with driving simulators and a driving track.
·?????? Deploy qualified driving trainers in Traffic Police training colleges.
·?????? Implement compulsory driving courses for drivers at different intervals, offering some benefits.
·?????? Mandate driving training for operational police of all cadres.
·?????? Establish Police driving schools in different cities that may offer driving courses to the public for payment and free for police.
·?????? Include Road Safety in the syllabus of training colleges.
·?????? Develop a proper traffic SOP related to police job requirements, which may be taught to drivers to enhance their knowledge.
5.1.2. Lack of Techniques: weapons, and law related to police work. Although the power to arrest, detain, and conduct body searches is mentioned in law, there is no detailed Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for utilizing such powers. Such gaps in practices create issues of misconduct and sometimes resistance by the public. Essentially, there are five stages for the use of force by a police officer, and missing any of them may lead to a difficult situation at times. In most of our training colleges, proper training on all of the below stages for the use of force is rarely found.
???? 5.1.3: Police Use of Force: The use of force, in the context of law enforcement, may be defined as the "amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject." Force used must be proportional to the threat and escalate only in response to the threat. There are several stages for the use of force, and police in daily practices undergo one or all of these types while enforcing the law. Although police have been given some authority to use force (authority) to maintain law and order, sometimes excessive use of force/power or authority defames the department, and the officer is faced with departmental or judicial inquiries.
Excessive force refers to situations where government officials legally entitled to use force exceed the minimum amount necessary to diffuse an incident or to protect themselves or others from harm. The law defines it in different clauses, and a police officer should know that any violation regarding the use of force may convert them from a police officer into a criminal.
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?05 Stages for the Use of Force
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?????????? If we examine the stages for the use of force outlined above, we will come to realize that in Pakistan, the police force is missing stages three and four, either due to non-availability or non-permission of non-lethal equipment. Consequently, a police officer often resorts directly to the last option of using lethal weapons. This is the main reason why our police become victims of severe public rage or violate human rights standards. A minor mistake by a police officer can transform them from a law enforcement officer to a criminal if they apply wrong force against a normal citizen in the wrong place.
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Solutions and Recommendations:
·?????? Implement proper SOPs for arrest, body search, handcuffing, and search procedures.
·?????? Provide non-lethal equipment and explain its usage to all officers during training.
·?????? Deploy both male and female instructors to teach physical techniques.
·?????? Provide legal support for the use of non-lethal equipment such as tasers and chemical sprays.
·?????? Establish separate rooms equipped with proper equipment for training in techniques like handcuffing and individual management.
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Some of the non-lethal equipment are below which are internationally recognized and acceptable.
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06. Equipment:
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06.1: Teaser & Stun gun:
??????? Stun guns shoot an electrical pulse that's designed to go through clothing and skin and give someone a nasty shock. A very high voltage ensures that the pulse will reach its target, and the very low amperage keeps it from doing any lasting damage. Tasers differ from standard stun guns in that the electrodes are tethered to long, insulated wires and can be fired from the weapon with a burst of carbon dioxide. A standard stun gun or cattle prod can only be used at close range and can shoot someone from 20 feet away.
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Purpose: By providing such equipment we can give a margin to a police officer to use less lethal weapon as a stage for the Use of force and avoid the excessive use which than lead to the violation of Human Rights and the employee faces the consequences. It is also a useful weapon to control a heavy offender with the help of physically weak policeman and avoid scuffling in front of public. It’s worth mentioning here that a separate SOP with certain restrictions may also be chalked for its use in order to avoid any misuse.??
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06.2: Use of Pepper spray:?
??????? Pepper spray is a chemical substance derived from red-hot cayenne pepper. Pepper spray is also known as "OC," for the chemical name oleoresin capsicum.
When OC is sprayed in a suspect's face or dabbed in his or her eyes, it causes intense burning, inflammation, and temporary blindness. ?It incapacitates the subject through pain and by causing the eyes to shut.
If all goes well, and there are no complications, symptoms should fade after 45 minutes.
Pepper spray is one of a growing assortment of "less lethal" weapons if available to law enforcement. ?These weapons are designed to subdue a suspect without resorting to lethal force. The use of Paper spray is different from situation to situation and usually it’s used to disperse a small unlawful gathering and if the resistance and distance exceeds then tear gas shelling is another option especially to control riots.
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领英推荐
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????????? 06.3: Snap Checking Equipment: ?
??????????????? Apart from other permanent check points there are several types of road checking where Police is required to check all the vehicles and some time they are faced with such offender who, due to several reasons, disobey the stop signal given by the police and in several cases we have witnessed such offender who became the victim of Police Use of extreme power, that is bullet fire to stop the suspect`s vehicle which accidentally hit the passenger and later on its confirmed that the driver was innocent and had no suspicious items in his possession. Thus the legal action and sever public criticism is faced both by the policeman himself and the Police department too. The other aspect of not using some of the road safety equipment like reflecting jackets, reflecting stop sign if not used by police, can create the issue of road safety for the policeman himself, as his visibility is not that much to save him from any vehicle on road. In snap checking the portable tyre spikes for vehicle access control is very useful to stop any vehicle without going for the last of lethal weapons/fire arms. Following are the pictures of some road safety equipment which are not or in partial use of Police but may avoid any unwanted situation.
?06.4:? Road Safety equipment: Snap checking or permanent check points on road requires maximum visibility to enhance the officer’s visibility and create a message of show of force (1st stage for the use of force).We could find several incidents where police have faced with road accidents due to less visibility on CPs and put them in trouble. In order to avoid such a situation the following equipment must be installed/used by Police while checking vehicles on road.
Recommendation: Staff should get proper training for vehicle management, vehicle stop procedure and vehicle search and arrest of a driver on driving seat or passengers. It’s also proposed that a snap-checking mobile, equipped with all road safety items and recording tools, with a trained staff deployed in it, may be launched initially to give demo to all patrolling mobiles on snap checking with prior consideration of staff safety and then the same may be applied to all relevant patrolling mobiles.
06.5: Video recording of the event: Another important aspect for better policing is the recording of the event by the police officer in order to have sufficient proof for his legal action. Such equipment includes body spy camera, pen camera and vehicle PTZ camera for all concern branches of police .The pen camera is the best tool for traffic police while recording any remarks of the violator and if anyone complaints about abuse by the traffic police, can be dealt with sufficient proof and the same may be provided to media for the safe side of police department.
Pen pinhole camera
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06.6: Use of Modern Hand Cuffs:
Any intentional application of force to the person of another is an assault .The use of hand cuffs amounts to such an assault and is unlawful unless justified. Justification is achieved through establishing not only legal right to the use of Handcuff, but also good objective grounds for doing so in order to show that what the police officer? or the member of police staff did was a reasonable ,necessary and proportionate to the use of force as mentioned in section 50crpc. (No unnecessary restraint).
Officers and Police staff should be familiar and comfortable with the circumstances in which handcuffs may be used. In the same way the officer should be prepared to justify it (with recording events of else) before his own seniors and court too.
The physical condition of the offender is another consideration in deciding whether or not handcuffs should be or their application continued.
Thus the use of handcuffs require both physical tactical and legal training of the officer to decide its use at the specific time according to the law.
In our country like Pakistan we rarely equip our patrolling police with such modern handcuffs nor we provide any such training to policeman during training. Thus we ignore one of the basic stage (Use of less lethal equipment) for the Use of force and the situation goes wrong and sometime highly exaggerated against Police.
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Recommendation: There is the urgent need for charting SOP for arrest and hand cuffing procedures and to develop such trainings for better management of offenders by the Police.
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06.7: Use of Baton:
A baton or truncheon is a roughly cylindrical club made of wood, rubber, plastic or metal. It is carried as a compliance tool and defensive weapon by law-enforcement officers, correctional staff, security guards and military personnel. In many cultures, they are highly symbolic of law enforcement and are rarely used with the intention to kill. A truncheon or baton may be used in many ways as a weapon. It can be used defensively to block; offensively to strike, jab, or bludgeon; and it can aid in the application of arm locks. The usual striking or bludgeoning action is not produced by a simple and direct hit, as with an ordinary blunt object, but rather by bringing the arm down sharply while allowing the truncheon to pivot nearly freely forward and downward, so moving its tip much faster than its handle. Batons are also used for non-weapon purposes such as breaking windows to free individuals trapped in a vehicle, or turning out a suspect's pockets during a search (as a precaution against sharp objects). This type of baton is easy to be carried by on duty police officer and create deterrence for the offender without weapon.
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??????????????? Folding Baton
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06.8: ?Laser Shot Simulator: Laser Shot - Firearms Training Simulators?provides affordable, alternative training solutions for law enforcement agencies worldwide. Laser Shot has cutting-edge technology to fill any agency’s firearm training needs with unique solutions that enable progressive training from realistic laser-based engagements to ultra-realistic live-fire exercises. Constant investment in new technology enables continuous advances in hardware and software designs to leverage the latest developments and ensure the most realistic simulation and live-fire training systems possible. Usually in Police training colleges due to lack of resources and time shortage policemen get a very short opportunity for firing practices at firing range but this technology will provide an indoor and with one time expenditure facility to both administration and trainees to get the benefits regularly.
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06.9: ?Colored Guns: The training colored pistol/guns are a module of the real weapon but made up of plastic with the same weight and functions with fire colored dummy bullets to show the hitting spot. This type of gun is very useful for training at training college premises without any chance of being harmed.
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6.10: Technical empty hand techniques Room:
Although there is a legal code for dealing with accused individuals and criminals, as previously discussed, there should be specific Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for such procedures. To ensure adherence to these SOPs, there should be a designated indoor facility with instructors to provide technical support to trainees. This room should be fully furnished to minimize the chances of injuries during the acquisition of such skills, and it should be mandatory for all staff to undergo training in handcuffing, arrest procedures, and individual control management. This approach would replace the use of force in the arrest procedure, which often violates the dignity of the accused by physically grabbing or pushing them.
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07. Gender balance and their skill enhancement: The key to a successful future for any organization lies in its ability to attract, develop, and retain the best talent. With half of the world’s population being women, educating, empowering, and recognizing their talent is fundamental to succeeding in a rapidly-changing world. Although we have some female police officers of lower ranks in police training academies, there are no female instructors to train them accordingly. Due to cultural restraints, it is sometimes uneasy for male police trainers to transfer technique-related training to female trainees.
Recommendations: By promoting the idea of female police trainers in all police training colleges, it will be much easier to impart all useful techniques to female officers as mentioned above. Male police officers are sometimes faced with situations where they need to arrest and handcuff female offenders, and the only legal possible way to perform these tasks is through female officers.
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08. Legal Requirements:
Both international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) strive to protect the lives, health, and dignity of individuals, albeit from different angles. It is therefore not surprising that, while very different in formulation, the essence of some of the rules is similar, if not identical. For example, both bodies of law aim to protect human life, prohibit torture or cruel treatment, prescribe basic rights for persons subject to a criminal justice process, prohibit discrimination, comprise provisions for the protection of women and children, and regulate aspects of the right to food and health. On the other hand, rules of IHL deal with many issues that are outside the purview of IHRL, such as the conduct of hostilities, combatant and prisoner of war status, and the protection of the Red Cross and Red Crescent emblems. Similarly, IHRL deals with aspects of life in peacetime that are not regulated by IHL, such as freedom of the press, the right to assembly, to vote, and to strike. Legally, we have domestic Law in Pakistan for safeguarding individual rights, but there are certain legal requirements that, if adopted, may improve law enforcement. The following are some clauses from the local laws of Pakistan with some basic recommendations mentioned as techniques for better implementation of Human Rights Law.
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08.1
S No.
Clause
Remarks/Recommendations
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46CRPC
Arrest how made
There is no SOP for the implementation of section 49crpc, in Police nor are such techniques taught to trainees in training colleges. There is the urgent need for both of the above with legal approvals. Thus a constable while handling any offender waste the time and make it very unpleasant while arresting any one in public places and police face public criticism and resistance. It’s worth mentioning here the while using the force by the police all stages in normal condition may be followed publicize in order to convey a message to all public regarding it and increase their acceptance level. The old and out date method of offender handling has changed now in modern era and this is the main reason which some earn bad name for police. There are several procedure for intervention and arrest of an offender which requires different techniques. Each and every situation like an individual arrest in a simple way, individual arrest among few persons, individual arrest among many and in riots. All of these are separate subjects and any failure in terms of techniques or in the absence of specialize methods and team work the situation may go wrong and sometime become quite difficult for police to control.
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51crpc-Search of arrested persons / 52crpc-Mode of searching woman
Although we usually follow the old techniques for search but now there are different techniques for body search which may be applied to different situations. Mostly in Police training colleges no such techniques training can be seen now a days which the basic duty of a policeman. The different categories includes vehicle search, premises search, body search armed/unarmed and luggage search. It’s worth mentioning here that police should maximum rely upon new technologies for normal body search and such new equipment like metal detector, walk through gates and scanners on one side increase the deterrence? whereas on other side are considered to be the civilized mod of action which is more acceptable to civilized citizens of the state. It’s worth mentioning here that currently there are no/less specialize drill instructors for training of trainers on modern means and thus the same trainee when go to the field, cannot perform accordingly.
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127 crpc. Assembly to disperse on command of magistrate or police officer
Although we have a legal clause for controlling un lawful assembly and as per police rules a short procedure for dispersing such assembly is there which is usually taught in training colleges but now it’s the dire need of time to specify the police cadres (as in ICT) called as anti-riot police equipped with all necessary items like baton, teasers, pepper spray and other relevant items. This anti-riot police may get trainings in separate training school where qualified instructors can provide them proper training of different formations. Such powers to police require some amendments in legal system in terms of declaring an assembly as unlawful and regarding the Use of force limitations for Anti-riot police. It’s worth mentioning here that all such powers may be highly publicized in order to improve acceptance among public and get them aware of such rules which may not to be violated. Internationally there are many best anti-riot police training academies from where the best instructors may be acquired for consultation.
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100ppc.
When the right of private defence of the body extends to causing death:
Under this clause police usually encounter a criminal but some time any misuse may become a problem for a police officer. This clause usually refers to the last stage of Use of Force strategy but using some modern techniques such situation may be avoided or proved. The evidence act needs to be reformed to allow a recorded clip(after forensic verifications) as solid evidence, clear SOP need to be chalked for the use of section 100,all the recording equipment as mentioned above may be used to record the scene.
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MVO1965 & 1969 rules
Traffic management is one of the important job of Police and traffic police is like a face of all Police system which deals maximum with violators rather than criminals. A sufficient police deployment can be seen everywhere to control road violations and ensure the free flow of traffic. It’s worth mentioning here that police, except few traffic schools don’t have any Traffic Police training academy for specialize courses. A traffic constable who usually do his traffic course once in his service career is supposed to perform traffic duty anytime even after many years past of the same course without having any advance or refresher courses. Moreover such traffic police officer with exceptional to some cities, branches or region does not possess or know the use of latest equipment. The same traffic police officer also unaware of any kind of driving skills for which he is deputed to check the drivers. It’s therefore recommended that there should be traffic police training academy with specialized/refresher courses and some of them like driving skills etc may be compulsory for traffic police to know. The traffic Police academy shall be equipped with driving simulators, driving track, fork lifters, and Road safety items including cons, stop signs, pen camera, glowers, speed camera and all other necessary items related to their job. This specialized traffic staff may also be helpful in establishing check points and diversions when required.
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All of the above are the basic requirements if adopted by the police, it can have some positive implications over its image in the eyes of public as the accountability and transparency will exist at every stage of the use of force.
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09. Public awareness campaigns: The implementation of any new law or law enforcement Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for any related job requires significant public acceptance, which is achievable through various campaigns. Promoting best policing practices is essential in managing good interaction with the public at all levels and persuading them with public support.
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9.1. Public Awareness Teams/Committees: At each district level, there should be committees comprising competent police officers who can promote the idea through multimedia presentations in all public places and institutions. This step by the police will have very positive effects in reducing the gap between the public and the police and will gain public trust before implementing any new idea. Under this procedure, members of the local community may also be involved to support the education/awareness team in arranging such programs in different areas.
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9.2. Digital Signboards: Each police station should have a digital signboard displaying public awareness messages in different languages. Additionally, the SOP for different police actions can be displayed to help viewers understand new trends.
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9.3. Display of Banners on Police Vehicles: Each police vehicle can advertise any new concepts introduced in the police system. If the message is more pictorial, it will be easier for the public to understand.
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9.4. Use of Print and Electronic Media: To promote any new concept/strategy, the teams or committees can utilize electronic and print media. They can also promote it through social media by establishing WhatsApp groups and a Facebook page. Another branch of such committees may be established to promote the idea on social media effectively.
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10. Dedicated Training Staff: Knowledge and skills development are vital to the health of organizations. We live in an information age, and organizations are routinely valued not just on their physical assets but on their intellectual capital as well. Training is one of the chief methods of maintaining and improving intellectual capital, so the quality of an organization’s training directly impacts its value. Untrained or poorly trained employees cost significantly more to support than well-trained employees. Training also affects employee retention and is a valuable investment that can produce high returns when viewed as such rather than as an expense.
Training is an organizational effort aimed at helping trainees acquire the basic skills required for the efficient execution of their job functions. Development, on the other hand, involves activities undertaken to expose employees to additional duties and prepare them for positions of greater responsibility within the organizational hierarchy.
In Pakistan, training colleges are often perceived as places for punishment for police officers. This perception can have negative implications for trainees. However, dedicated staff members continuously strive to introduce new ideas and enhance skills, which can have positive implications for the overall performance of a Police Training College.
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Conclusion:
Police equipment and tactical gear help prepare officers for any situation they may encounter, ensuring that they handle everything in accordance with the law. Such gear aids in surveillance, monitoring, and spying on suspects. Other types of gear protect officers from physical and mental harm while performing their official duties. This equipment is monitored after its release to find ways to improve it, resulting in continuous enhancements over time. Police defensive gear, in particular, is highly advanced, allowing officers to survive handgun shots. Modern bulletproof vests enable police to withstand hits to the body from most firearms, while helmets protect against bullets, rocks, and other projectiles. Shields carried by officers are also highly durable and are used to protect against objects hurled by protesters, angry mobs, or during riots.
Police equipment falls into different categories, and it's not necessary that an item suitable and required for one cadre of police in one region will also be needed for another cadre or applicable in another area. Proper needs-based assessment is essential to tailor equipment to specific area requirements. During the assessment of such equipment, the following points may be considered:
·?????? How frequently do incidents occur for which the equipment is demanded?
·?????? What are the expected outcomes from its use?
·?????? Which cadre of officers may use it?
·?????? Are the physical standards of policemen suitable for using that equipment?
·?????? What are its legal implications?
·?????? Is there any training facility or SOP for the use of such equipment?
·?????? What is the level of public acceptance for the use of such equipment?
·?????? Is the atmosphere where the equipment will be used/placed suitable for it?
·?????? What may be the required quality level
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???????????????????????? Police should be Polite but Firm.
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