Plate/GCGC - Bonus Newsletter 5/28/22 - Explanation of Project Finance.

Project finance According to WIKI?is the long-term?financing ?of?infrastructure ?and industrial projects based upon the?projected cash flows ?of the project rather than the balance sheets of its sponsors. Usually, a project financing structure involves a number of?equity ?investors, known as 'sponsors', and a 'syndicate' of?banks ?or other lending institutions that provide?loans ?to the operation. They are most commonly?non-recourse loans , which are?secured ?by the project assets and paid entirely from project cash flow, rather than from the general assets or creditworthiness of the project sponsors, a decision in part supported by?financial modeling ;[1] ?see?Project finance model . The financing is typically secured by all of the project assets, including the revenue-producing contracts. Project lenders are given a?lien ?on all of these assets and are able to assume control of a project if the project company has difficulties complying with the loan terms.

Generally, a?special purpose entity ?is created for each project, thereby shielding other assets owned by a project sponsor from the detrimental effects of a?project failure . As a special purpose entity, the project company has no assets other than the project. Capital contribution commitments by the owners of the project company are sometimes necessary to ensure that the project is financially sound or to assure the lenders of the sponsors' commitment. Project finance is often more complicated than alternative financing methods. Traditionally, project financing has been most commonly used in the extractive (mining ),?transportation ,[2] ?telecommunications , and power industries, as well as for sports and entertainment venues.

Risk identification and allocation is a key component of project finance. A project may be subject to a number of technical, environmental, economic and political risks, particularly in?developing countries ?and?emerging markets .?Financial institutions ?and project sponsors may conclude that the risks inherent in project development and operation are unacceptable (unfinanceable). "Several long-term contracts such as construction, supply, off-take and concession agreements, along with a variety of joint-ownership structures are used to align incentives and deter opportunistic behaviour by any party involved in the project."[3] ?The patterns of implementation are sometimes referred to as "project delivery methods ." The financing of these projects must be distributed among multiple parties, so as to distribute the risk associated with the project while simultaneously ensuring?profits ?for each party involved. In designing such risk-allocation mechanisms, it is more difficult to address the risks of developing countries' infrastructure markets as their markets involve higher risks.[4]

A riskier or more expensive project may require?limited recourse financing?secured by a?surety ?from sponsors. A complex project finance structure may incorporate?corporate finance ,?securitization ,?real options ,?insurance ?provisions or other types of collateral enhancement to mitigate unallocated risk.[3]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_finance

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