IN THE PERIOD OF DIGITAL DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL: CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
Ashutosh K.
Ex banker, Now self-employed, MD &CEO of Kumar Group of companies, Author of many books.
IN THE PERIOD OF DIGITAL DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGICAL: CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP
?INTRODUCTION
To grasp compressively an efficient understanding of characteristics of effective leadership irrespective of the type of organization, when the leaders are carrying out their job duties and responsibilities when they are paying attention to the overall functioning of the organization, they must be efficient in their job performance. Hence, it is crucial for them to be well aware in terms of the characteristics of effective leadership. The characteristics of effective leadership are a wide array of honesty and integrity, confidence, skills and abilities, commitment and passion, accountability, delegation and empowerment, creativity and innovation, empathy, resilience, emotional intelligence, humility, transparency, vision and purpose, teamwork, and instructional strategies. It is of utmost significance for leaders to be well-aware in terms of all these characteristics. But apart from these, they need to have faith in themselves and develop positive viewpoints in terms of the individuals as well as various aspects of the organization. The development of positive goods plays an important part in enabling them to put into operation these characteristics in a well-organized and efficient manner. Therefore, it can be stated, all the individuals, who are in leadership positions must be well-equipped in terms of these characteristics and put them into practice in an effectual manner.
????????The real job duty of leadership involves the ability to make from time to time in various aspects of the organization. An outstanding leader turns into a fine balance between traits, abilities, behaviors, sources of power, and aspects of the situation which are determining factors of the ability to influence the followers and to accomplish the objectives of the group. Different members of the group can influence the group in an efficacious manner and the methods by which the group relates to one another could carry out various functions of leadership. Leadership initiates by developing the vision, as visualize of how the organization looks into the future. Most represent an idea or picture of what might happen in the future. Effective leadership displays an idea or attitude which must be honest and trustworthy. Conclusiveness the leaders are executing job duties, they must be honest, decent, and righteous in their conduct.
????????Effective leadership begins with the fundamental ability to believe in oneself. It incorporates maturity, principle, and proficiency that transform into determination and direction. It is the clarity of vision that provides the leaders the confidence to adopt the role of instilling motivation, self-esteem, and teamwork. As visionaries, they are disciplined thinkers and have confidence. Leaders focus on surrendering acquiring an efficient understanding in terms of the environmental conditions. They need to ensure that the environmental conditions need to be appropriate for the implementation of tasks and activities. The leaders possess the skills and abilities to facilitate transformations to lead to effective growth and development. They believe in encouraging the up-gradation of human resources. They form the viewpoint that human resources are the fundamental assets, which would lead to effective growth and development of the organization. The utmost significance is to formulate measures to lead to the up-gradation of human resources. Leadership traits can be learned with encouragement and reinforcement of laws, measures, approaches, and procedures, which can contribute efficiently to increasing the competencies and capabilities of human resources.
????????To understand effective leadership characteristics
Value of Traits of Effective Leadership
????????Leaders are required to build confidence and self-esteem. In addition, they need to maintain strong integrity in terms of themselves and others. With this the leaders from the viewpoint that all the factors within the organization need to be reinforced in an effectual and satisfactory manner. The leaders need to focus on enhancing mutual understanding
????????The leaders need to achieve difficult and dreary goals and objectives. In the achievement of difficult objectives in a well-organized manner, they need to reinforce their characteristics and guide and lead their subordinates in the right direction. In some cases, the subordinates are not well-aware in terms of measures and approach in terms of implementation of tasks and functions and achieving goals and objectives. Hence, leaders need to motivate them and stimulate their mindsets toward the implementation of tasks and functions. When they experience setbacks, the leaders need to make provision of knowledge to solve their problems and facilitate the achievement of organizational goals. When the employees form the viewpoint that the leaders possess an approachable nature and an amiable attitude and are understanding, they not only recognize the significance of the characteristics of effective leadership but are also able to incur the feeling of job satisfaction, perform well in their jobs and retain their jobs. Therefore, the significance of characteristics of effective leadership is recognized, when employees are motivated towards the performance of their job duties and achievement of goals.
????????Within the course of the implementation of job duties, there are occurrences of risks. Risks normally cause apprehensiveness and vulnerability among individuals. As leaders, individuals need to maintain high levels of trust through consistent levels of honesty, professionalism, righteousness, confidence, and clarity. Furthermore, they need to augment their understanding and generate awareness in terms of various factors that would alleviate risks. It is the job duty of the leaders to ensure that employees are not overwhelmed by risks. The risks should not become impediments within the course of implementation of job duties and achievement of goals and objectives. Successful leaders are wise and astute and understand the problems and needs of others, know the need for commitment, augment energy levels, and inculcate the traits of morality and ethics. Therefore, it can be stated, the significance of characteristics of effective leadership is recognized, when the leaders make provision of support and assistance to the employees to cope with risks and eliminate problems and concerns.
????????Characteristics of Effective Leadership
????????The characteristics of effective leadership are stated as follows:
????????Honesty and Integrity
????????Integrity is the practice of being honest and showing a consistent and uncompromising adherence to strong moral and ethical principles and values. Integrity is regarded as honesty, truthfulness, and accuracy in one’s actions. When leaders attain leadership positions, they aspire to retain this position. In retaining their jobs and in incurring the feeling of job satisfaction, it is apparent that they need to possess efficient knowledge in terms of their job duties and implement the characteristics of honesty and integrity. These characteristics focus on imparting factual information. Even if the factual information is not soothing, still the leaders form the viewpoint that they will be truthful and honest throughout their jobs with the other individuals. Therefore, it is comprehensively understood that the characteristics of honesty and integrity are worthwhile and meaningful to augment effectiveness in leadership functions.
Honesty and integrity are regarded as indispensable characteristics of effective leadership. In the implementation of job duties of leaders, they need to depict honesty and integrity (Hasan, 2019). In depicting honesty and integrity, there are various factors that need to be taken into account. These are, keeping one’s word, keeping one’s commitments, recognizing one’s job duties and responsibilities, paying attention to the factors in the internal and external environment, staying focused, creating a balance between personal and professional lives, imparting factual information to others, inculcating the traits of morality, ethics, diligence, and conscientiousness, maintaining good terms and relationships with others and treating subordinates with respect and courtesy. These factors would render an important contribution to reinforcing the traits of honesty and integrity. Effective leaders from the viewpoint that no matter how many problems and difficulties they experience within the course of implementation of their job duties, they need to depict honesty and integrity to a major extent. Therefore, these traits are comprehensively acknowledged.
????????Confidence
????????Confidence is referred to the feeling or belief that one can have faith or rely on someone or something. It is the belief in oneself. It is the conviction that one has to meet the challenges and difficulties. Being confident requires a realistic sense of capabilities and feeling secure in that knowledge. Leaders need to ensure that they possess efficient knowledge in terms of their job duties. In addition, they need to be confident enough in terms of their knowledge and implement them in a wise and productive manner. The leaders need to ensure they impart information to their subordinates as well in terms of ways of upgrading their confidence levels and overcoming apprehensiveness and vulnerability. When the leaders and the other members of the organization are well-aware in terms of ways of enhancing confidence levels, they will be able to contribute effectively in putting into operation their job duties and achieving the desired goals.
????????Confidence is not innate or a fixed characteristic. It is an ability that can be acquired and improved over the period of time (Confidence, 2020). One of the important ways of bringing about improvements in the confidence levels is to practice it on a regular basis. When leaders are confident, they usually form the viewpoint that they will be able to cope with various types of problems and challenges in an efficient manner. On the other hand, when leaders are overwhelmed by a number of job duties, their confidence levels would enable them to carry them out in a well-organized manner, without any problems and challenges. Irrespective of the types of organizations, the leaders are working in, they need to upgrade their skills and abilities, get engaged in regular practice, and work in coordination with others to upgrade their confidence levels.
????????Skills and Abilities
????????It is apparent that leaders need to possess skills and abilities to carry out their job duties well and earn reverence and admiration from other members of the organization. The different types of skills, which leaders need to possess are communication skills, time management skills, leadership skills, problem-solving skills, analytical skills, critical thinking skills, presentation skills, decision-making skills, technical skills, work ethics, and conflict resolution methods. These are the skills, which need to be put into operation throughout one’s job. Furthermore, leaders need to generate information and put into practice the methods and approaches to upgrade these skills throughout their jobs. The leaders also in some cases get enrolled in educational institutions and training centers to upgrade their skills and abilities, particularly when they need to upgrade their confidence levels and carry out their job duties well.
The up-gradation of skills and abilities has proven to be beneficial to the leaders as well as the organization as a whole. The reason is, all the skills, which are stated above have meaning. Their implementation in a productive manner would be advantageous and useful to the overall functioning of the organization. The leaders need to ensure that the subordinates would also generate information in terms of these skills and make use of them to their best abilities. In reputed organizations, there is the initiation of training and development programs. These programs are productive and worthwhile in augmenting the skills and abilities of the members. Within the course of the implementation of job duties as well, the employees attend training and development programs. In this manner, they are able to generate awareness in terms of modern and innovative strategies and methods. Therefore, it is well understood that possession and up-gradation of skills and abilities is a strategic characteristic of effective leadership.
????????Commitment and Passion
????????The commitment is referred to dedicating oneself to something. Before one makes a commitment, one has to think carefully and put into operation effective and meaningful approaches and methods. Commitment obligates the leaders to do something. Passion is referred to one of those words that individuals often make use of without understanding the actual meaning of the word. Passion is having strong emotions reflecting an intense desire or boundless enthusiasm. In performing well in one’s jobs and in achieving organizational goals and objectives, leaders need to be committed and passionate towards the implementation of responsibilities and duties. In honing the characteristics of commitment and passion, leaders need to be well aware in terms of strategies and approaches. They need to impart them to their subordinates as well. The various ways of augmenting commitment and passion are, empowering and helping others, being confident in judgment and decisions, learning something new, setting of routine, staying inspired, staying accountable, revising goals on a frequent basis, observing the major picture, generating awareness in terms of various areas and making wise and productive decisions.
The research studies have indicated that in some cases, the job duties of leaders are complicated. They may find them difficult and demanding and are required to work overtime. In such cases as well, the leaders need to put emphasis on the reinforcement of these characteristics. The reason being when they will reinforce commitment and passion, they will form positive viewpoints in terms of their job duties and will not feel that they are complicated and tedious. When leaders are passionate and committed to the implementation of job duties, they are well aware in terms of ways of carrying out their job duties well and generating the desired outcomes. Furthermore, they are well aware of ways of overcoming problems and barriers. Therefore, it can be stated that the characteristics of commitment and passion are regarded as crucial characteristic of effective leadership.
Accountability
The leaders are accountable in terms of their job duties and responsibilities. Leadership defines culture and if the members of the organization aspire to create a culture of accountability, it initiates with the leaders and are passed on to other members of the organization as well. Accountability is not one-time, but it is an all-the-time aspect. Leaders are all the time looking for opportunities. When they will acquire more opportunities, they will be accountable in terms of them. When leaders accept accountability, they understand and accept the consequences of their actions in areas in which they assume responsibility. For instance, a leader is required to work on a project and complete it within a specified time. In such cases, he will devote time to it and ensure it is completed within the specified time frame. Therefore, it can be stated, the leader is accountable for the project as well as other job duties, which they need to put into operation.?
When leaders understand the meaning and significance of accountability, they will be able to bring about changes and implement the job duties in an efficacious manner. The leaders have the main objective of generating the desired outcomes and augmenting the overall structure of the organization. In carrying out these tasks and functions in a well-organized manner, they need to recognize the meaning and significance of accountability. Furthermore, constructive learning and changes are possible, when accountability is a norm. Accountability will enable individuals to form the viewpoint that they need to work efficiently and not to feel stressed and overwhelmed, particularly, when there are occurrences of any problems and difficulties. Therefore, it can be stated, accountability is an important characteristic of effective leadership, which would facilitate the individuals in the implementation of tasks appropriately and in achieving the desired goals and objectives.
????????Delegation and Empowerment
????????Delegation is the assignment of any authority to another person, normally from a manager to a subordinate to carry out specific activities. It is one of the core concepts of management leadership. In an organization, a manager is expected to do all the work, so the job duties are delegated to the subordinates, and along with the delegation of work, there is also a delegation of authority so that the subordinates can accomplish their tasks. The person, who is delegated the work is accountable for the outcomes. Empowerment is the power or authority given to someone to do something. It is the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one’s life and claiming one’s rights. Through empowerment opportunities, there is an increase in autonomy and self-determination among individuals to represent their interests in a responsible and self-determined way by acting on their own authority.
????????In organizations, leaders assign job duties to capable individuals. When they are overwhelmed by the number of job duties, they assign tasks to their subordinates. When the subordinates are assigned additional job duties, they are able to hone their skills and abilities. On the other hand, leaders need to ensure that subordinates are provided with empowerment opportunities as well. They should be allowed to express their ideas and viewpoints and even participate in the decision-making processes. The leaders need to ensure that women are provided with equal rights and opportunities as their male counterparts. The characteristics of delegation and empowerment are beneficial to the subordinates and they incur the feeling of job satisfaction. Therefore, it can be stated, the leaders need to put into operation these characteristics on a regular basis. In this manner, they are promoting the well-being of the employees as well as the organization as a whole.
????????Creativity and Innovation
????????With advancements taking place and with the advent of modernization and globalization, there is a need to bring about creativity and innovation in the implementation of tasks and functions. In all types of organizations, creativity is recognized and members are making use of modern, technical, and pioneering methods in the implementation of job duties. Creativity is referred to imagination or original ideas to create something. It is a phenomenon, whereby something new or somehow valuable is informed. Innovation is the implementation of something new. The invention is the creation of something that has never been made before and is recognized as the product of some distinctive vision. When creativity and innovation are to be put into operation, the leaders need to work in collaboration with the other members of the organization as well. The individuals need to discuss various ideas and perspectives and make a decision. Therefore, the characteristics of creativity and innovation require the leaders and other members to work in collaboration and integration with each other.?
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????????The implementation of the characteristics of creativity and innovation requires the members of the organization to bring about improvements in tasks and activities and the achievement of goals. These characteristics have made the implementation of tasks and activities more manageable. Before the advent of technologies and machines, employees used to carry out all tasks and activities manually. But with the advent of technologies and machines, they are making use of them. In this manner, they are able to contribute effectively to enhancing productivity and profitability. Normally, the implementation of these characteristics is not simple and straightforward, the leaders need to make use of resources in an efficient manner and inculcate the traits of diligence, resourcefulness, and conscientiousness. Therefore, when the leaders are well-equipped with these traits and put into operation modern, technical, pioneering, and innovative methods, they are able to augment creativity and innovation.
????????Empathy
????????Empathy is referred to the ability to understand the feelings of others as if one is having themselves. Within the organizations, the employees are in some cases overwhelmed by the number of problems and difficulties. These may relate to the job duties, infrastructure, amenities and facilities, technologies, tools, and materials, other individuals, pay and reimbursements, and overall working environmental conditions. When one or more of these problems become impediments within the course of implementation of job duties and achievement of goals and objectives, they need to report to the leaders. Leaders need to understand the feelings and problems of others and provide them with solutions. The leaders need to understand that employees have personal responsibilities as well, which they need to pay attention to. Hence, when they are assigning them job duties, they need to provide sufficient time, so they are able to complete them in a manageable manner.
????????The employees in some cases experience physical health problems, especially when they are engaged in manufacturing and production processes and are working with chemicals, tools, and machines. In such cases, the leaders need to provide safety guidelines and measures, which would enable them to carry out their job duties well and take care of their physical health conditions. On the other hand, in some cases, the psychological problems of stress, anger, anxiety, and frustration are experienced by the employees. In such cases, the leaders need to acquire an efficient understanding of the causes behind the occurrence of these problems and provide effectual and meaningful solutions. Therefore, it can be stated, when leaders put into practice the characteristic of empathy, both they as well as employees will benefit. The major benefit is, the implementation of job duties will take place in a well-organized manner and the overall working environmental conditions will be enhanced.
????????Resilience
????????Resilience is referred to the capacity to recover in a rapid manner from problems and difficulties. It is apparent that in all types of organizations, the leaders will want that all the members are implementing their job duties satisfactorily, there is the availability of sufficient resources, there are not the occurrence of any types of barriers, the employees are well-aware in terms of goals and objectives, there is mutual understanding and overall functioning of the organization takes place in an effectual manner. When there are occurrence of problems and difficulties, the leaders as well as the other members need to inculcate the characteristic of resilience to cope with them and prevent them from assuming a major form. In the augmentation of this characteristic, the leaders need to be well aware in terms of measures and approaches. These are necessary for the implementation of this characteristic in an appropriate manner in accordance with the needs and requirements of the members and the organization as a whole.
????????Resilience is defined as the process of adapting well during the time of adversity, trauma, threats, or significant sources of stress (Building Your Resilience, 2012), such as lack of resources, tedious job duties, inability to complete the target on time, health problems and illnesses, and so forth. When these problems take place within the organizations, the leaders and other members will experience stress, anxiety, and frustration, but the characteristic of resilience will enable them to cope with these problems and prevent them from having unfavorable effects upon the members as well as the overall functioning of the organization. The characteristic of resilience will render a significant contribution in augmenting the capacities and aptitude of the leaders to not only cope with problems within the organization but also the psychological problems of anger, stress, anxiety, depression, and frustration. Therefore, it is understood that the characteristic of resilience is effectual and worthwhile in leading to the effective functioning of the organization and achieving the desired goals.
????????Emotional Intelligence
????????Emotional intelligence is referred to the ability to monitor one’s own and the emotions of other individuals. When the emotions are monitored, then some of the negative emotions are also experienced in some cases. But measures are formulated to cope with them in an efficacious manner. Emotional intelligence is regarded as one of the significant characteristics, which leaders need to put into operation throughout their jobs. This characteristic will prove to be beneficial to them to a major extent. Some of the benefits include self-awareness, self-regulation, self-evaluation, internal motivation, empathy, social skills, thinking abilities, ability to cope with psychological problems, forming cordial terms and relationships with others, and generating awareness in terms of various areas. When the leaders communicate in an effective manner with the staff and control the feelings of anger and frustration, even when the job duties have not been performed satisfactorily, it is stated that they have a high emotional intelligence.
????????The emotional intelligence of leaders is primarily depicted in the communication processes (Emotional Intelligence in Leadership
????????Humility
????????This is comprehensively understood that individuals will be able to aul and professional goals, and enrich their overall quality of life when they will depict humility. Humility is referred to the quality of having a modest or low view in terms of one’s importance. In other words, the individuals have low self-regard and a sense of unworthiness. In organizations, when the leaders depict humility, they do not give credit to themselves for achievements, but to others. When the job duties have been carried out in a satisfactory manner and have proven to be valuable and beneficial for the entire organization, the leaders will acknowledge the efforts and contributions of the employees. When leaders are appreciated, they normally do not express willingness in listening to their appreciation. Hence, the depiction of the characteristic of humility is worthwhile in achieving the desired goals and objectives and augmenting the overall structure of the organization.
????????When the individuals are assigned leadership positions, then humility is regarded as one of the essential characteristics, which need to be possessed by the leaders. Leaders need to be understanding in nature. When they are understanding, they will pay attention to the needs and requirements of human resources. Human resources are the key, which needs to be upgraded. Hence, the characteristic of humility will enable the leaders to make provision of support and assistance to human resources and lead to their well-being. The characteristic of humility can be reinforced by taking into consideration various factors. These are, listening to others, practicing mindfulness, being open-minded, possessing an approachable nature, asking for support and assistance, obtaining feedback from others in terms of job performance, accepting mistakes, being submissive in nature, revising one’s job performance on a regular basis, and treating others with respect and courtesy. Therefore, when leaders will depict humility, they will be able to carry out their job duties well and earn reverence and appreciation from others.
????????Transparency
????????The characteristic of transparency in leadership is referred to as comprehensibility and lucidity (Rouse, 2020). The leaders have a number of job duties to perform. They need to pay attention to all the job duties and responsibilities and ensure, they are put into operation in an efficacious and well-ordered manner. The leaders need to put into operation time management skills and are able to take out sufficient time for all tasks and functions. The tasks are usually carried out in accordance with their priorities. The tasks, which are more important are carried out first, whereas, the tasks, which are less important are procrastinated. The identification of the characteristic of transparency will enable leaders to create openness between themselves and their subordinates. This is an ongoing process, which can have ongoing results. Therefore, not only the leaders, but other members of the organization too need to put it into operation in an effective and meaningful manner.
????????In the up-gradation of this characteristic, there are various factors, which need to be taken into account. These are, having faith in the employees to participate in the decision-making processes, not keeping any job duties and responsibilities confidential, sharing the results, being well-aware in terms of measures and approaches, recruiting the right individuals in the right positions at the right time, establishing open communication channels, providing equal rights and opportunities, understanding the needs and requirements of the employees, not discriminating against them in terms of various factors, such as caste, creed, race, religion, ethnicity, gender, age, educational qualifications, personality traits and socio-economic background and forming constructive viewpoints in terms of the individuals as well as the overall working environment. Therefore, it can be stated, when the leaders reinforce all these factors, they are able to enhance transparency not only in terms of themselves but other members of the organization as well.
????????Vision and Purpose
????????Vision and purpose are regarded as important areas in terms of which all individuals need to be aware (Vision, 2020). Within organizations, the various aspects that need to be taken into account such as management of resources, implementation of job duties, and formulation of laws, policies, and rules need to be in accordance with vision and purpose. When the organizations are established, they formulate vision and purpose, but with advancements taking place and the initiation of modern, technical, pioneering, and scientific methods, there are transformations made in vision and purpose. When transformations take place in vision and purpose, there are changes taking place in other aspects as well. These, are management of human, financial, technical, and material resources, implementation of job duties and responsibilities, formulation of laws, policies, and procedures, and the overall working environmental conditions. Leaders need to communicate with their subordinates on a regular basis and impart information in terms of all types of changes that have taken place. Therefore, vision and purpose are regarded as important characteristics on the basis of which, the job duties of leaders and other members are focused upon.
In achieving vision and purpose, leaders need to possess certain skills and abilities. These mainly include communication skills, time management skills, leadership skills, problem-solving skills, analytical skills, critical thinking skills, presentation skills, decision-making skills, technical skills, work ethics, conflict resolution methods, personal skills, and professional skills. The leaders need to ensure that their subordinates also inculcate these skills and put them into operation on regular basis. As in achieving vision and purpose, the leaders and other members need to possess the necessary knowledge and understanding. But apart from essential knowledge and understanding, the skills and abilities are also regarded as important and need to be upgraded on a regular basis. Therefore, it can be stated, vision and purpose are important characteristics of leadership and individuals need to be well aware in terms of measures and strategies to achieve them.
????????Teamwork
????????Within all types of organizations, the leaders encourage the employees to work in teams. Teamwork is referred to as a way of working with each person, committed and working towards a common goal. Hence, leaders need to put emphasis on building the teamwork skills of the individuals. The members of the team, work in coordination and integration with each other and stay committed to the achievement of desired goals. The main reason is, when employees work in teams, they are able to benefit in a number of ways. Some of the ways are, obtaining support and assistance from others in the implementation of job duties, promoting mutual understanding, developing various types of skills and they are able to exchange ideas and viewpoints in providing solutions to their problems. Through teamwork, the leaders are able to convey the information to the employees that they need to form constructive viewpoints and accept other castes, cultures, religious backgrounds, ethnicities, and so forth.
????????A teamwork environment promotes an atmosphere that fosters friendship and loyalty. These close-knit relationships develop motivation among the employees to work diligently and conscientiously and make provision of support and assistance to each other. It is usually believed, when two or more individuals are working on a project, they will be assigned job duties and responsibilities in accordance with their skills and abilities. When they will experience any problems and difficulties, they will be able to obtain support and assistance from the other group members. Normally, a group leader is appointed in all groups. The primary job duties of the group leader are to guide and direct the other members well, evaluate their performance and ensure they do not experience any problems, and work diligently and enthusiastically towards the achievement of group goals. Therefore, it can be stated, the characteristic of teamwork contributes efficiently to performing one’s job duties well and augment the overall structure of the organization.
????????Instructional Strategies
????????The instructional strategies are referred to as the strategies, which are put into operation by the leaders in imparting knowledge and understanding to the employees in terms of various aspects of their job duties as well as the organization as a whole. The instructional strategies are of various types. Some of these are, making use of technologies in imparting information, dictating notes, explaining the concepts on white or dark-colored boards, giving hand-outs, and so forth. When the workforce is to be provided with training in terms of the usage of machines and tools, then within the training sessions, the instructors make use of machines and tools to impart practical training. The types of instructional strategies implemented are focused upon a number of factors, these are, job duties, goals and objectives, and overall structure of the organization. Over the course of time, leaders need to make changes in their instructional strategies. When changes are brought about, it needs to be ensured, they are valuable and useful to the members as well as the organizations on the whole.
????????In the implementation of instructional strategies, the instructors need to ensure, they are understandable to the employees. In most cases, the employees are provided with opportunities to evaluate their instructors and instructional strategies. In the evaluation process, they are provided with opportunities to evaluate their instructors in terms of the teaching-learning methods, teaching-learning materials, and instructional strategies. When the employees feel there is a need to bring about improvements, they give ideas and suggestions. Therefore, it is understood that the leaders need to be well aware that in training and development programs, the teaching-learning methods, teaching-learning materials, and instructional strategies need to be put into operation in an appropriate and suitable manner to the needs and requirements of the members as well as the organization as a whole.
?Conclusion
????????In the achievement of goals and objectives in a well-organized manner, leaders need to reinforce their characteristics and guide and lead their subordinates in the right direction. The characteristics of effective leadership are honesty and integrity, confidence, skills and abilities, commitment and passion, accountability, delegation and empowerment, creativity and innovation, empathy, resilience, emotional intelligence, humility, transparency, vision and purpose, teamwork, and instructional strategies. Integrity is the practice of being honest and showing a consistent adherence to moral and ethical principles. Confidence is referred to the feeling or belief that one can have faith in someone or something. Skills and abilities are needed to carry out job duties well. Commitment and passion lead to the generation of enthusiasm toward job duties. The leaders are accountable in terms of their job duties. Delegation is the assignment of any authority to another person, whereas, empowerment is the power or authority assigned to do something.
????????Creativity and innovation are to be brought about in the implementation of tasks. Empathy is referred to the ability to understand the feelings of others. Resilience is referred to abilities to recover speedily from problems. Emotional intelligence is referred to the ability to monitor one’s own and the emotions of others. Humility is referred to the quality of having a modest or low view regarding oneself. Transparency is referred to as clarity. Vision and purpose are the goals and objectives of the organizations. Teamwork is referred to a way of working with others, being committed, and working towards a common goal. The instructional strategies are the strategies, utilized in imparting knowledge. Finally, it can be stated, that leaders need to focus on the up-gradation of these characteristics in performing job duties well and in achieving the desired goals.
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