PDC Cutter Size

PDC drill bit is a drilling tool that uses polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters to shear rock with a continuous scraping motion. The number of cutters used on a PDC bit is a primary determinant of how the bit performs. In an ideal situation, a PDC bit would be designed so it would:

1.??drill a broad range of formations including hard and abrasive stringers

2.??provide a consistently high rate of penetration

3.??have a long bit life

4.??can be built at a low cost

Unfortunately, there are performance and cost tradeoffs in varying cutter counts. Using more cutters allows a bit to drill harder, more abrasive formations, and generally results in a longer bit life. However, a higher cutter count also makes it a bit more costly. As the number of cutters is reduced, the direction of the tradeoff reverses.

PDC cutters of 8 mm diameter have been used on products designed for harder formations. In fact, the first PDC manufactured was this size. 13 mm cutters are the industry standard size. They are most suitable for cutting medium to medium-hard formations as well as abrasive rock. Generally associated with fast drilling, 19 mm cutters are most suitable for drilling soft to medium formations when mounted in high-bladed style bits. Because larger cutters produce large cuttings in the right application, they are extremely useful when drilling with oil-based mud or water-based mud in a hydratable formation.

PDC cutters are distributed across the bit face in such a way as to satisfy various requirements. Naturally, the cutter layout must result in a full gauge hole being cut as the bit is rotated. As with most bits, satisfying one condition may well be at the cost of another. Judgments based on experience must be used to produce an optimized bit design.

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