Overview of Global Politics: Present and Forecast Analysis

Current world politics is evolving in a complex and multidimensional space, where each country is moving forward separately, following its own political ideology and strategy. The roles of various powerful countries and regional players in international relations are constantly changing, and these changes are deeply affecting the dynamics of global politics. In this context, a brief analysis of the political situations of various countries in the world, including the political situations of America, China, Russia, and Arab countries and the role of Bangladesh, will be presented.

1. Current American Democracy

Although the democratic system of the United States has been historically strong, it has faced various crises in recent years. In particular, issues of bipartisan polarization, allegations of vote rigging, and concerns about the foundations of democracy have come to the fore. After the 2020 presidential election, allegations of vote rigging were raised in several cases, although most of the allegations were disproved by the investigation. As a result, the American public's confidence in democracy has somewhat decreased.

Some of the main aspects of democratic problems:

? Election security: In the 2020 presidential election, allegations of vote rigging and irregularities created widespread controversy. Although the Justice Department and independent institutions have repeatedly said that there were no major irregularities in the election, 35% of Republican voters believe that the election process was rigged.

? Polarization of Democracy: Political divisions have increased conflicts among the people, which may harm America's democratic values.

? Voter Turnout: Voter turnout in the 2020 election was 66.8%, which is a significant event in American history. Although this election was positive in terms of democratic activism, the amount of division and controversy was also high.

Future Plans

The United States is adopting a comprehensive strategy to maintain its global leadership and meet modern challenges. The country is adopting new policies to establish democracy and protect human rights, economic development, combat climate change, and improve the health care system. In addition, it is looking to cooperate with NATO and other international organizations to enhance strategic relations in the global arena.

2. China's Leadership and Global Influence

China has rapidly developed economic development and increased military power under its one-party rule, which has established it as a global power. Since President Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, China has become a more powerful player on the international stage. Through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), China is seeking to expand infrastructure and trade ties with countries in Asia, Africa, and Europe, establishing itself as a global power.

However, there are some serious criticisms of China’s leadership:

? Human rights abuses: The persecution of Uyghur Muslims and the suppression of pro-democracy protests in Hong Kong have drawn widespread criticism around the world. These human rights abuses are tarnishing China’s international image and drawing international condemnation.

? Tensions in international relations: China’s increased military presence in the South China Sea and its trade war with the United States are fueling political tensions at the national and international levels. Such actions have raised concerns among China’s neighbors and are straining global diplomacy.

Future plans

In addition to increasing its economic and military power, China is also focusing on technological development. Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, the country is aiming to strengthen global connectivity and economic ties through the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). In addition, China is adopting new strategies to combat climate change and invest in green technology, so that it can build a strong and sustainable economy.

3. Politics of the Arab World

The Arab world has long been plagued by authoritarianism and fundamental political conflict. The 2011 Arab Spring movement raised hopes for democracy in many countries, but it has largely failed. Instead, political instability and conflict have intensified in the region, making the future political stability of Arab countries uncertain.

Political situation of major Arab countries:

? Saudi Arabia: Saudi Arabia is one of the most influential countries in the Middle East, leading regional politics based on its vast economic and military power. Under Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, some economic reforms have been introduced, such as the “Vision 2030” plan, which aims to reduce oil dependence. However, the degree of freedom in the political sphere is very limited, with little room for dissent and allegations of human rights violations have been criticized internationally.

? Egypt: Although the prospect of democracy emerged in Egypt after the 2011 Arab Spring, the military coup in 2013 stifled that prospect. Under President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, the country has returned to authoritarian rule, with political opponents being repressed and freedom of expression severely restricted. Egypt now faces political and economic challenges, but its regional geopolitical position remains intact.

? Yemen: The political situation in Yemen is currently at its most dire. A civil war that began in 2015 has left the country in ruins, with intervention by regional powers such as Saudi Arabia and Iran compounding the conflict. The war has plunged the country into a humanitarian crisis, with millions of people suffering from famine and health care shortages. The country’s political stability depends not only on the end of the war, but also on the influence of foreign powers and the resolution of internal conflicts.

Future plans

Arab countries are trying to work together to achieve political reform, economic stability, and social development. Initiatives such as Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 are particularly focused on economic diversification and youth empowerment. In addition, joint efforts are underway with the Arab League and other regional organizations to increase mutual relations in the field of regional security and cooperation.

4. Russian dictatorship

The current political landscape in Russia is completely centered under the rule of Vladimir Putin. Having been in power in various ways since 2000, Putin has effectively transformed Russian politics into a one-party state. Suppression of media freedom, persecution of political opponents, and controlled elections have become the main features of his regime. Because of this, many consider his regime to be authoritarian.

? Invasion of Ukraine: Russia's invasion of Ukraine in 2022 significantly changed the balance of international relations. Western countries have imposed extensive sanctions on Russia, which have put pressure on the Russian economy. However, despite these sanctions, Putin has been able to maintain his domestic power. His regime's supporters see him as a strong leader who is defending Russia's national interests against Western powers.

? Military influence: Russia's vast military power has established it as an important force in world politics. However, Russia's diplomatic position has become critical due to the growing conflict with the West and the conflict in Ukraine. Relations with NATO and the West are cooling further, which could lead to greater geopolitical conflicts in the future.

Future plans

Russia is focusing on military modernization and is looking for new international markets. As a result of Western sanctions, it is trying to build strategic relations with China, while also taking strict measures to maintain domestic political stability. It wants to maintain influence in world politics by restructuring diplomatic relations.

5. India’s Position

As the world’s most populous democracy, India has maintained an important international position based on its constitutional foundation and multi-dimensional society. Although India is known as a strong democracy, its democratic environment has been the subject of debate in recent years. In particular, discrimination against minority communities, such as Muslims, and the abrogation of Kashmir’s special status, have raised questions about the integrity of India’s democracy.

The Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) and the National Register of Citizens (NRC) process have raised concerns among minorities, which have also drawn criticism in the international community. These policies of India are not only affecting the country’s internal political stability, but also affecting its relations with its neighboring countries. India’s strategic and economic relations with smaller countries like Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka are very important, but these policies have complicated India’s relations with these countries.

To maintain India’s dominant regional position and ensure the balance of power and stability in South Asia, India needs to adopt a more sensitive and inclusive policy. It is very important for India to maintain balance not only in domestic politics but also in regional relations, so that the trust of neighboring countries is maintained and the region can move forward on the path of political and economic stability.

Future plans

India is focusing on technology, infrastructure development and building a strong manufacturing system for its economic growth. The country aims to emerge as the world's third largest economy by 2030. In addition, under the leadership of Prime Minister Modi, India is emphasizing environmental protection and the development of renewable energy, which can play a significant role in combating global climate change.

6. Democracy in Europe

Although most countries in Europe are democracies, the democratic stability of Europe has faced some serious challenges in recent years. In particular, Brexit, the rise of far-right politics, and the migration crisis have had a profound impact on European politics.

? Brexit: The United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (EU) is a significant event, which has raised many questions. This process has increased the internal divisions of the EU and may also affect other member states in the future.

? Rise of extremism: The rise of far-right parties in various European countries and the debate over their immigration policies have created a new challenge for democracy. The rise of these extremist parties has increased social tensions, which is putting political stability at risk.

Future plans

Europe's future plans focus on taking a well-organized and integrated approach. Among them, political stability, economic recovery, social cohesion, combating climate change, and developing a security and defense strategy are particularly noteworthy. The European Union and its member states are adopting a sustainable strategy to work together to address the migration crisis, extremism, and global economic challenges.

Through these plans, European countries want to establish solidarity and cooperation in their diverse societies, which is essential for political and social stability. In addition, they are moving forward with the goal of building a sustainable future by fighting climate change and developing green technologies. Europe is trying to maintain its influence on the world stage by adopting a strong approach in international relations.

7. Future Directions

The future of world politics is likely to become more multipolar, with the United States, China, Russia, and Europe as well as emerging countries playing important roles. Geopolitical tensions and economic competition will continue to increase, especially among the powerful countries. South Asia, Africa, and Latin America are likely to become future political and economic centers.

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8. Bangladesh’s Position

Bangladesh is currently playing an important role as an emerging economy in South Asia. The country’s economic growth has increased significantly in recent years, largely driven by the textile industry, remittances, and infrastructure development. Bangladesh’s GDP growth in 2023 was around 6%, indicating the country’s economic resilience despite global economic challenges. The government is working towards “Digital Bangladesh” and achieving UN recognition as a developing country by 2026.

However, political challenges remain alongside this economic development. The country’s democratic processes, transparent electoral system, and human rights remain questionable. These challenges could pose major obstacles for Bangladesh. While Bangladesh’s strategic position in international relations, especially with India, China, and other regional powers, is strengthening, this progress will not be sustainable without ensuring domestic political stability.

After 53 years of independence, Bangladesh still has to deal with political instability and the legacy of authoritarian rule. The fall of the dictator through a popular uprising in 2024 and the arrival of a new generation of interim government were a key turning point. If this government can successfully implement the political and economic reforms it has promised, Bangladesh will be able to move forward steadfastly on the path of democracy, human rights, and justice in the future.

Political stability is essential to make these changes sustainable and inclusive. Strengthening international diplomatic relations is essential to properly manage the country's ongoing economic development and to meet future challenges. Such a concerted effort will help transform Bangladesh into a developed nation.

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