?? Organoids: Applications-Based Classification

Organoids are classified based on their applications in biomedical research, drug development, and clinical studies. These advanced 3D models serve as essential tools for studying human biology, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic responses. Below are the key categories of organoids based on their applications:

1?? Disease Modeling Organoids

Used to replicate genetic disorders, infectious diseases, and degenerative conditions. Example: Cystic fibrosis organoids with CFTR mutations for drug testing and therapy validation.

2?? Drug Screening and Toxicity Testing Organoids

Used to evaluate drug efficacy and toxicity in physiologically relevant conditions. Example: Liver organoids for hepatotoxicity assessment in drug safety studies.

3?? Regenerative Medicine and Transplantation Organoids

Used to study tissue regeneration, organ repair, and transplantation research. Example: Kidney organoids for nephrotoxicity studies and potential transplant applications.

4?? Microbiome-Associated Organoids

Used to model host-microbe interactions, gut microbiome dynamics, and bacterial/viral infections. Example: Intestinal organoids to study gut microbiota's role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

5?? Immuno-Organoids

Used to study immune responses, cancer immunotherapy, and autoimmune diseases. Example: Tumor organoids with immune cell co-culture for testing checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T therapy.

6?? Personalized Medicine and Precision Oncology Organoids

Used to predict patient-specific drug responses and guide individualized treatment strategies. Example: Patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) for personalized cancer drug screening.

These applications-based organoid models are revolutionizing biomedical research, providing more accurate, patient-relevant models that reduce reliance on animal testing and accelerate drug discovery and clinical innovations.

References

[1] Qigu Yao et al., MedComm 2020 (doi: 10.1002/mco2.735)

[2] Dongxi Xiang et al., Theranostics 2024 (DOI:10.7150/thno.96027)