Onboard Chargers (OBCs) with V2G and V2L features

The onboard charger is an electronics inside an EV that converts AC power from the grid into DC power to charge the vehicle’s battery. It's generally used in small EVs such as passenger cars or light duty commercial EVs because of the inefficiency of charging with AC power takes too long espacially in higher battery capacities.

• Manages charging process
• Generally one way direction, from grid to OBC to HV batteries

Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

It allows EVs to send electricity back to the grid, enabling bidirectional power flow.

• EVs can act as mobile energy storage systems.
• During peak grid demand, EVs can discharge stored energy to stabilize the grid or provide additional capacity.
• Requires bidirectional OBCs to handle reverse power flow.

Vehicle-to-Load (V2L)

It turns EVs to a portable power source for any electronics with low vow valtage supplied.

• Ideal for off-grid situations, camping, or emergency power backup.
• Power flows from the EV battery to external loads through an AC or DC outlet, often managed by the OBC.

In order to do V2G and V2L, OBCs must be bidirectional to manage the electricity in both ways.

The evolution of OBC into a bidirectional system bridges the gap between charging and discharging capabilities, making EVs central to future energy ecosystems.