Objects & Classes

In Python, objects are the fundamental concept representing real-world entities. Everything in Python is an object, which includes numbers, strings, data structures, functions, and classes.

Classes, on the other hand, are the blueprints for creating objects. They define the attributes and methods that an object can have. When you create an instance of a class, you create an object that follows the structure defined by the class.

Here is a simple example of a class and objects in Python:

class Car:        

    def init(self, make, model, year):        

        self.make = make        

        self.model = model        

        self.year = year        

        self.odometer_reading = 0        

    def get_descriptive_name(self):        

        long_name = f"{self.year} {self.make} {self.model}"        

        return long_name.title()        

    def read_odometer(self):        

        print(f"This car has {self.odometer_reading} miles on it.")        

    def update_odometer(self, mileage):        

        if mileage >= self.odometer_reading:        

            self.odometer_reading = mileage        

        else:        

            print("You can't roll back an odometer!")        

    def increment_odometer(self, miles):        

        self.odometer_reading += miles        

# Creating an object from the class Car        

my_car = Car('Audi', 'A4', 2022)        

# Accessing attributes and methods of the object        

print(my_car.get_descriptive_name())        

my_car.read_odometer()        

# Modifying attribute value through a method        

my_car.update_odometer(50)        

my_car.read_odometer()        

# Incrementing attribute value through a method        

my_car.increment_odometer(100)        

my_car.read_odometer()        

In this example, Car is a class that represents a car. It has attributes like make, model, year, and odometer_reading, along with methods like get_descriptive_name, read_odometer, update_odometer, and increment_odometer. You can create objects of the class and access their attributes and methods.

Understanding objects and classes is crucial in object-oriented programming (OOP) and allows you to create complex, organized, and maintainable code.