Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

What is it?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a way of writing computer programs that are using the idea of "objects" to represent data and methods.

Not only that, but it also uses some concepts to make everything more magical.

An "object" is the basic unit of OOP. It's a unit formed by properties (data and functions) built from a blueprint. A car can be an object.

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. Car blueprints are defined with essential attributes such as type, fuel, etc. and behavior such as acceleration, braking, etc. In this way, it's possible to produce cars in series using the blueprint, without rebuilding the machine from scratch each time.

Abstraction

Abstraction means to represent the essential feature of a module without detailing the internal working detail. A driver that uses the acceleration system doesn't know how it works precisely at the engineering level, he/she only knows that if he/she presses the pedal, the machine accelerates.

Encapsulation

Encapsulation is exposing a solution to a problem without requiring to fully understand the problem domain. In F1 teams, who manage the acceleration system, they don't need to know how the lighting system works internally, they just need to see what connections are made available by the latter to be able to use it.

Inheritance

Inheritance is a concept to describe hierarchies in such a way as to make it possible for those below in the hierarchy to inherit attributes and behavior from those higher up. Tesla Model X is an SUV. And because it is an SUV. it is, therefore, a Car, and it is a Car. it is, therefore, a Vehicle.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism serves to define different implementations of the same object. Cars can have different fuels although they are all cars. So you can use the car object as a base and define various implementations, such as electric cars, petrol cars, diesel cars, hybrid cars, etc.

Source: @goodrella