Nuclear sharing, regional landmine hazards, permanent members of the UN Security Council, and independent foreign policies of peace
Michael Horlick, MPM, M Ed., PMP
Educator, Lexicographer, and Incurable Idealist
Terms to note from today’s PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs press conference:
Today’s quote:
中国同东帝汶是传统友好邻邦。中国是最早承认东帝汶独立、最早同东帝汶建交的国家。建交22年来，两国关系持续稳定发展，传统友好深入民心。去年9月，习近平主席同夏纳纳总理共同宣布将中国东帝汶关系提升为全面战略伙伴关系，开启了两国关系的新篇章。?
China and Timor-Leste are traditional friendly neighbors. China is the first country to recognize Timor-Leste’s independence and establish diplomatic relations with the country. Over the past 22 years since the establishment of diplomatic ties, the bilateral relationship has grown smoothly and traditional friendship has enjoyed strong support among the peoples. Last September, President Xi Jinping and Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana Gusm?o jointly announced the elevation of bilateral relations to a comprehensive strategic partnership, opening a new chapter for bilateral relations.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)?
Previous PRC history of the term:
?? 此次尼泊尔地震造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失，令人痛心。尼泊尔是中国的传统友好邻邦，中方对尼方遭受的困难感同身受。地震发生后，习近平主席第一时间向尼泊尔总统鲍德尔致电慰问，对遇难者表示深切哀悼，向遇难者家属和受伤人员致以诚挚慰问，祝愿伤者早日康复，指出中方愿向尼方提供必要救灾援助。中方紧急援助物资将陆续运送到尼泊尔地震灾区。
We’re deeply saddened by the fatalities and serious damages caused by the earthquake in Nepal. Nepal is China’s traditional friendly neighbor, and China feels deeply for Nepal as it copes with the disaster. Immediately following the earthquake, President Xi Jinping sent a message of condolences to Nepal’s President Ram Chandra Poudel. He expressed deep condolences for the victims and sympathies to the bereaved families and the injured, and wished the injured a speedy recovery. China is willing to provide necessary disaster assistance to Nepal. Premier Li Qiang and Foreign Minister Wang Yi sent messages of condolences to their Nepali counterparts respectively. Chinese emergency aid supplies will be delivered to Nepal’s quake-hit areas.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 6, 2023)?
?? 中孟是传统友好邻邦。中方坚定支持孟方维护主权独立和领土完整，奉行独立自主的内外政策，走符合本国国情的发展道路。?
China and Bangladesh have been traditional friendly neighbors. We firmly support Bangladesh in safeguarding its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, keeping domestic and foreign policies independent, and pursuing a development path that suits its national realities. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on June 14, 2023)?
?? 作为阿富汗传统友好邻邦，中方始终认为，阿不应被排除在国际社会之外，阿人民的利益福祉应得到关注，阿和平重建进程应受到鼓励，阿主权和领土完整应得到尊重。?
As a traditionally friendly neighbor of Afghanistan, China always believes that Afghanistan should not be excluded from the international community, the interests and wellbeing of the Afghan people should be given attention, the peaceful reconstruction of the country should be encouraged, and the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Afghanistan should be respected. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on May 10, 2023)?
?? 中国和阿富汗是传统友好邻邦。7月16日，习近平主席与阿富汗总统加尼通话时强调，中方坚定支持阿富汗政府维护国家主权、独立、领土完整，始终认为政治对话是阿富汗实现民族和解和持久和平的根本办法。中方将继续支持“阿人主导、阿人所有”原则，支持阿和平和解进程，支持阿富汗早日和平重建。?
China and Afghanistan are traditional friendly neighbors. In President Xi Jinping’s phone call with Afghan President Ashraf Ghani on July 16, he stressed that China would firmly support the Afghan government in safeguarding national sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity, and always believe that political dialogue is the fundamental way to achieve national reconciliation and lasting peace in Afghanistan. China will continue to support the "Afghan-led, Afghan-owned" principle, the peace and reconciliation process in Afghanistan, and an early peaceful reconstruction of Afghanistan.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on July 29_2021)
Today’s quote:
当前，东南亚地区雷患形势依然严峻。作为东盟国家的好邻居、好朋友、好伙伴，中国长期致力于推进与东盟的人道主义扫雷合作，综合采取物资援助、人员培训、援派专家等各种形式，积极帮助东盟雷患国提升扫雷能力，为增进当地人民安全与福祉作出了贡献。《中国—东盟外长关于加强人道主义扫雷合作的联合声明》积极评价中国东盟扫雷合作成果，明确了下步合作方向和务实举措，是一份有理念、有共识、有行动的成果文件，将为解决东南亚地区雷患问题，促进地区和平与发展注入新动能。?
In Southeast Asia, landmines and other explosive remnants of war (ERW) remains a serious issue. As ASEAN countries’ close neighbor, friend and partner, China has long been committed to humanitarian mine action cooperation with ASEAN. By providing assistance, training personnel, and sending experts, China has actively helped enhance the capacity for mine action of ASEAN Member States affected by landmines and other ERW and make lives safer and better for the local people. The ASEAN-China Foreign Ministers’?Joint Statement?on Strengthening Humanitarian Mine Action Cooperation speaks highly of China-ASEAN mine action cooperation, and identifies the way forward and next steps for the cooperation. This is a good document with vision, consensus and action, and will give fresh impetus to solving the issue of landmines and other ERW in Southeast Asia and regional peace and development. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)?
Previous history of the term:
?? 根据东盟防长扩大会扫雷专家组磋商共识，8月底至9月下旬，中国人民解放军陆军派出兵力赴柬埔寨参加“纯净家园-2023”多国联合扫雷行动。这是中柬作为东盟防长扩大会扫雷专家组共同主席国联合主办的重要活动，旨在加强各成员国和机构间务实合作，进一步解决地区雷患问题，为增进地区人民安全与福祉贡献积极力量。?
According to the consensus reached by the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus) Experts' Working Group (EWG) on Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA), the PLA Army will send a task force to Cambodia for the multinational joint demining operation code-named "Pure Homeland-2023" from the end of August to late September. It is a major event co-hosted by China and Cambodia as co-chairs of the ADMM-Plus EWG on HMA. This event is aimed at strengthening cooperation between member states and institutions, resolving regional mine problems, and contributing to the safety and well-being of people in the region.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on August 31, 2023)?
?? 2月21日至24日，中国人民解放军陆军工程大学在南京以视频方式举办东盟防长扩大会扫雷专家组扫雷培训。期间，中外专家围绕国际地雷问题相关政策法规和标准、扫雷行动组织与管理、人道主义扫雷作业方法、技术装备和人员培训等进行授课，并组织研讨交流，东盟防长扩大会17个成员国以及东盟秘书处、东盟区域扫雷行动中心、红十字国际委员会等机构代表线上参加。此次培训是中国与柬埔寨作为东盟防长扩大会扫雷专家组共同主席国联合主办的一次重要活动，对进一步发挥该专家组在解决地区雷患问题中的协调作用，加强各成员国和机构间非传统安全领域务实合作具有积极意义。?
... the PLA Army Engineering University is hosting a mine-sweeping training course under the ASEAN Defense Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus) Experts' Working Group (EWG) on Humanitarian Mine Action (HMA) in Nanjing via video link. The event lasts from February 21 to 24 [2023]. This course is jointly hosted by China and Cambodia as co-chairs of ADMM-Plus EWG on HMA. It will help the EWG to play a greater role in coordinating and addressing regional mine problems, and strengthen practical cooperation among member countries and institutions in non-traditional security fields.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on February 23, 2023)
Today’s quote:
党的二十届三中全会是在以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业的关键时期召开的一次十分重要的会议。全会明确指出，必须坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，推动构建人类命运共同体，为进一步全面深化改革、推进中国式现代化营造良好外部环境。?
The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the CPC is a very important meeting held at a critical juncture of building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation in all respects through Chinese modernization. The plenary session stated that China must remain firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace, be dedicated to promoting a community with a shared future for humanity, and foster a favorable external environment for further deepening reform comprehensively and advancing Chinese modernization.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)?
Previous history of the term:
?? 中国一贯奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，从不搞胁迫，从不散布虚假信息。美方应当立即停止对中国的抹黑攻击。维护中美关系健康稳定需要双方共同努力。我们希望美方同中方相向而行，不折不扣落实两国元首达成的重要共识，共同确立中美两个大国正确相处之道。?
China is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace. We never engage in coercion or disinformation. The US needs to stop smearing and attacking China. A sound and stable China-US relationship requires efforts from both sides. We hope the US will work with us in the same direction to deliver on the important common understandings reached by our heads of state and establish the right way for our two major countries to get along. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 2, 2022)?
?? 在外交工作方面，大会高举促进世界和平与发展、推动构建人类命运共同体的旗帜，为新征程上的中国特色大国外交绘就了宏伟蓝图，指明了前进方向。大会强调，中国始终坚持维护世界和平、促进共同发展的外交政策宗旨，致力于推动构建人类命运共同体，坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，始终根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，坚持在和平共处五项原则基础上同各国发展友好合作，坚持对外开放的基本国策，坚定奉行互利共赢的开放战略，积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设，推动全球治理朝着更加公正合理的方向发展，愿同世界各国一道弘扬和平、发展、公平、正义、民主、自由的全人类共同价值，共同应对各种全球性挑战。?
On the diplomatic front, the Congress [20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China] held up the banner of promoting world peace and development and building a human community with a shared future. It has drawn a grand roadmap and charted the course for the major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics on a new journey. The Congress emphasizes that China has always been committed to its foreign policy goals of upholding world peace and promoting common development, and it is dedicated to promoting a human community with a shared future. China remains firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace and has always decided its position and policy on issues based on their own merits. China adheres to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in pursuing friendship and cooperation with other countries. It is committed to its fundamental national policy of opening to the outside world and pursues a mutually beneficial strategy of opening up. China plays an active part in the reform and development of the global governance system and works to make global governance fairer and more equitable. China sincerely calls upon all countries to hold dear humanity’s common values of peace, development, fairness, justice, democracy, and freedom and join forces to meet all types of global challenges. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on October 25, 2022)?
?? 中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，始终根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策，维护国际关系基本准则，维护国际公平正义。?
China remains firm in pursuing an independent foreign policy of peace. It has always decided its position and policy on issues based on their own merits, and it has strived to uphold the basic norms governing international relations and safeguard international fairness and justice.?(Xi_Jinping_Speech at the 20th National Party Congress_2022_10_16)?
?? 中国坚定奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，努力以对话弥合分歧、以谈判化解争端，在相互尊重、平等互利基础上，积极发展同各国友好合作关系。?
As a staunch follower of an independent foreign policy of peace, China is working hard to bridge differences through dialogue and resolve disputes through negotiation and to pursue friendly and cooperative relations with other countries on the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit. ??(Xi_Jinping_Address at the World Economic Forum Virtual Event of the Davos Agenda_ 习近平在世界经济论坛“达沃斯议程”对话会上的特别致辞 202101_25)
Today’s quote:
中方坚定维护以《不扩散核武器条约》为基石的国际核裁军与核不扩散体系，敦促有关国家摒弃冷战思维和零和博弈，废除“核共享”安排，撤出在欧洲部署的大量核武器，不得以任何方式在亚太地区复制“核共享”安排。?
China firmly upholds the international nuclear disarmament and nuclear non-proliferation regime with the NPT as its cornerstone, and calls on relevant country to abandon the Cold War mentality and zero-sum approach, abolish nuclear sharing arrangements, pull out the large number of nuclear weapons deployed in Europe and by no means replicate the nuclear sharing arrangements here in the Asia-Pacific.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)?
Previous history of the term:
?? 日本一些政客一段时间以来不断鼓噪同美国进行“核共享”，日本政府在向本次审议大会提交的报告中删除了以往报告提及的“无核三原则”。针对上述情况，中方代表在会上表明了严正立场。中方明确指出，“核共享”安排违反《不扩散核武器条约》规定，任何在亚太地区复制“核共享”模式的企图必将遭到地区国家的坚决反对和必要时的严厉反制，日方应该就其核不扩散政策作出澄清。面对中方质问，日本代表表示，“无核三原则”是日本政府的基本政策，日方这一政策没有动摇，日本政府没有考虑寻求“核共享”安排。?
Some Japanese politicians have lately been clamoring for “nuclear sharing” with the US. In the report submitted to this review conference, the Japanese government deleted the Three Non-Nuclear Principles, which had appeared in previous reports. For this reason, the Chinese representative made clear our stern position at the conference, pointing out that a “nuclear sharing” arrangement violates the provisions of the NPT. Any attempt to replicate the “nuclear sharing” model in the Asia-Pacific is sure to meet firm opposition and severe countermeasures if necessary from regional countries. In response to China’s questioning, the Japanese representative said that the Three Non-Nuclear Principles is a fundamental policy of the Japanese government, there is no wavering of this policy within Japan, and the government is not considering a “nuclear sharing” arrangement.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on August 9, 2022)?
领英推荐
?? 近期有日本政客妄言要同美国“核共享”，试图突破自身承诺的无核三原则，引入美国的核武器。?
Lately some Japanese politicians have been clamoring for “nuclear sharing” with the US in an attempt to breach Japan’s three non-nuclear principles and introduce US nuclear weapons. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on May 20, 2022)?
?? 我还要特别指出，近期一些日本政客就所谓美日“核共享”频频发表不负责任的言论，引发地区国家和国际社会的严重关切。?
I would also like to point out that regional countries and the international community are gravely concerned about the irresponsible remarks made by some Japanese politicians recently on the so-called “nuclear sharing” between the US and Japan. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 31, 2022)?
?? 据报道，日本首相岸田文雄10日在日本参议院预算委员会会议上表示，关于所谓在日本领土内部署并共同运用美国核武器的“核共享”政策，日本政府无意进行探讨，但自民党等政党乃至国民进行探讨没有问题。?
According to reports, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said at a House of Councillors Budget Committee meeting on March 10 that the Japanese government has no intention of discussing the nuclear-sharing policy under which US nuclear weapons will be deployed on Japanese territory for joint use, but there is no problem for the LDP and other parties or Japanese nationals to discuss the matter. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 14, 2022)?
Today’s quote:
作为联合国安理会常任理事国和负责任大国，中国始终坚定致力于推动危机政治解决。?
As a permanent member of the UN Security Council and responsible major country, China is firmly committed to finding a political solution to the crisis [in Ukraine].? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)?
Previous history of the term:
?? 长期以来，中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国，以负责任和建设性态度同国际社会一道处理海地问题。近日，中方在安理会同其他理事国一道，支持通过联合国驻海地综合办公室授权延期问题的第2743号决议，发出了国际社会继续支持帮助海地人民的积极信号。?
Over the years, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China has worked responsibly and constructively with the international community on the question concerning Haiti. Together with other Security Council members, China supported the adoption of Resolution 2743 extending the mandate of the United Nations Integrated Office in Haiti, sending a positive message of continued international support for the people of Haiti. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 16, 2024)?
?? 李辉特代通报了访问俄罗斯、乌克兰以及有关欧洲国家期间同各方就如何尽早实现停火止战、推动危机政治解决等问题深入交流情况并表示，各方均赞赏中方穿梭斡旋所作努力，都期待中方发挥更大建设性作用，一致认同中国作为联合国安理会常任理事国及俄、乌两国共同朋友，可以在两国以及各方之间穿梭斡旋、传递信息，推动各方求同存异、凝聚共识，为举行和谈积累更多有利条件。?
Special Representative Li Hui elaborated on his in-depth exchange of views with various parties on how to achieve an early ceasefire and political resolution of the crisis and other issues during his visit to Russia, Ukraine, and other relevant European countries. Li Hui said that all parties commended China’s efforts for mediation and expected China to play a more constructive role. They agreed that as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and the friend of both Russia and Ukraine, China is in a good position to mediate between the two countries and among various parties, convey information and encourage all parties to seek common ground while shelving differences, build consensus and build up favorable conditions for peace talks.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 22, 2024)?
?? 维护好、发展好中俄关系，是双方基于两国人民根本利益作出的战略选择，更是顺应世界发展大势的必然要求。作为世界主要大国和联合国安理会常任理事国，中俄双方打造了一种完全不同于冷战旧时代的大国关系新范式，在不结盟、不对抗、不针对第三方的基础上，坚持永久睦邻友好，深化全面战略协作。?
Maintaining and growing the China-Russia relationship is a strategic choice by the two sides based on the fundamental interests of the two peoples. It is also what we must do to keep pace with the trend of the world. As key major countries of the world and permanent members of the U.N. Security Council, China and Russia have forged a new paradigm of major-country relations that differs entirely from the obsolete Cold War approach. On the basis of non-alliance, non-confrontation and not targeting any third party, China and Russia strive for lasting good-neighborliness and friendship and seek to deepen their comprehensive strategic coordination. ??(Wang Yi Meets the Press_2024_03_07)?
?? 中国以实际行动维护世界和平，已成为联合国安理会常任理事国中第一大出兵国。?
China takes concrete actions to safeguard world peace and has become the largest troop-contributing country (TCC) among the permanent members of the UN Security Council.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on May 2022)
Today’s quote:
中方愿同东帝汶一道，以此访为契机，赓续传统友谊，深化互利合作，推动两国全面战略伙伴关系提质升级，取得新的更大发展。?
China stands ready to work with Timor-Leste through this visit to carry forward traditional friendship, deepen mutually beneficial cooperation, and upgrade and further advance the comprehensive strategic partnership.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)
Previous history of the term:
?? 中方愿与各方守望相助、携手同心，不断推动基础设施的“硬联通”提质升级、规则标准的“软联通”更新换代、互学互鉴的“心联通”深入人心，推动共建“一带一路”朝着更高质量、更高水平发展，推动实现世界各国的现代化，构建更加开放包容、互联互通、共同发展的世界。?
China stands ready to work with all parties and support each other in enhancing the “hard connectivity” of infrastructure, upgrading the “soft connectivity” of rules and standards, and deepening the people-to-people connectivity through more exchanges and mutual learning, elevate Belt and Road cooperation towards higher quality for the modernization of all countries, and build an open, inclusive and interconnected world for common development.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 18, 2024)?
?? 中方将同哈方一道，落实好两国元首达成的重要共识，推动各领域合作提质升级，共创两国关系更加美好的未来。?
China will work with Kazakhstan to deliver on the important common understandings between the two presidents, upgrade cooperation across the board, and jointly usher in a brighter future for China-Kazakhstan relations.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 4, 2024)?
?? 此访是习近平主席时隔8年再次访问塞尔维亚，对中塞关系提质升级具有重要里程碑意义。?
President Xi Jinping’s visit to Serbia will be his second visit to the country in eight years, which will mark an important milestone for strengthening and elevating China-Serbia ties. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on April 29, 2024)?
?? 中国军队愿与加方一道，认真落实两国元首重要共识，加强两军高层交往，积极开展各领域务实合作，努力推动两军关系提质升级，为维护国际和地区和平稳定作出积极贡献。?
The Chinese military stands ready to work with the Gabonese side to earnestly fulfill the important consensuses reached by the two heads of state, intensify high-level exchanges, and actively carry out all-round pragmatic cooperation, so as to uplift both the level and quality of mil-to-mil relations and make positive contributions to international and regional peace and stability.? (Regular Press Conference of the Ministry of National Defense on April 27, 2023)
美国在北约无核武器国家领土上部署核武器，并允许这些国家的战斗机运载、投掷核武器，显然违反条约规定，是明显的核扩散行为，容易导致更多国家效仿，实质上阻碍核军控进程，增加核冲突风险，破坏全球战略稳定。?
The US deployed nuclear weapons on the soil of non-nuclear-weapon NATO states and allowed these countries’ fighter jets to carry and drop nuclear weapons, which is apparently a violation of NPT regulations and an action of nuclear proliferation and can trigger similar behavior from more countries. It in effect obstructs the process of nuclear arms control, increases the risks of nuclear conflict and undermines global strategic stability.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)
Today’s quote:
我们坚定推进高水平、制度型对外开放，以中国式现代化新成就为世界发展提供新机遇。?
We will keep pursuing high-standard and institutional opening up, and provide new opportunities for global development with progress in China’s modernization.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on July 26, 2024)?
Previous history of the term:
?? 中国将打造高水平、制度型对外开放格局，持续优化营商环境，鼓励自由贸易试验区创新发展。?
China will pursue high-standard institutional opening-up, continue to improve its business environment, and promote innovation-driven development of pilot free trade zones. ??(Xi_Jinping_Speech at the APEC CEO Summit_ 习近平在亚太经合组织工商领导人峰会上的主旨演讲_2021_11_11)
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