New Study Shows Link Between Pet Ownership and Brain Health

A study (1) published in JAMA Network Open in December 2023 suggests that individuals over 50 living alone may mitigate verbal cognition decline by owning a pet. The research, conducted by Dr. Ciyong Lu, Professor of Epidemiology and Medical Science, indicates that pet ownership could counteract the cognitive effects of living alone, particularly in terms of word recall and understanding. The study, based on the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, reveals that petting a dog increases activity in the frontal cortex responsible for thinking and planning.

Observational Study Shows Connection, Not Causation

Because this was an observational study, not a randomized clinical trial, it demonstrates an association rather than specific cause and effect. However, the research sets the stage for one more type of lifestyle modification — having a pet — as part of the arsenal of activities we can engage in to reduce the risk of cognitive decline.

Pet Ownership Reduces Loneliness

Living alone has been linked to increased anxiety and depression, with a 2022 study revealing a 42% higher risk of depression for those living alone. Depression, in turn, doubles the risk of dementia. The study found that pet ownership was associated with slower rates of decline in verbal cognition for individuals living alone, potentially attributed to reduced loneliness and increased well-being.

Other Pet Benefits

While the study acknowledges the need for further research, potential benefits of pet ownership include companionship, stress reduction, improved sleep, increased physical activity, and opportunities for social interaction. The findings suggest that having a pet, especially for individuals living alone, may contribute to cognitive well-being in later life.