A new breakthrough in physics: the "creation of nothing" of energy is proved! Extracting energy in a vacuum has become a reality?
Energy teleportation sounds like the stuff of science fiction. But a recent study has shown that energy can actually be extracted from a vacuum, and "creating something out of nothing" is in some sense real.
According to a new report published February 22 in Quanta Magazine, two separate and independent physics experiments have used quantum mechanics to demonstrate that it is possible to summon energy from a vacuum by teleporting it over microscopic distances— Essentially extracting energy from the void, this strongly supports a theory proposed by Japanese physicist Masahiro Hotta in 2008.
Masahiro Hotta's 2008 research introduced him to the concept of negative energy, which he didn't think existed as a separate entity at the time. He then studied the quantum vacuum, which he believed, based on calculations, could actually fluctuate within a quantum field and move energy between two regions. Maybe the vacuum can actually be induced to output something.
As shown in the figure above, in modern physics, the vacuum is not empty, it is full of fluctuating energy, but we cannot take out the fluctuating energy in the vacuum and use it. If there is quantum entanglement between different regions in the vacuum, based on the idea of quantum teleportation, consume energy EA to measure the subsystem A, obtain the information about the vacuum fluctuation at A, and then pass this information through the classical The communication is passed to B, and we can obtain the available energy EB from subsystem B.
Initially, from a local point of view, both subsystems A and B are in the "vacuum" with the lowest energy, and we set it as the energy zero point, which cannot output useful net energy to the outside. On the other hand, there is quantum entanglement between A and B as a whole. First, to measure A, we need to input energy EA to it. After the measurement results come out, assuming that the state of A is in α, due to the quantum entanglement between A and B, B will be in a local state that depends on α. After the measurement result α is notified to B through classical communication, the local operation U(α) can be used to transform the B system into a state where the energy is -EB. At the same time, the B system releases energy, that is, we take out from B net energy EB. This whole process looks like we inject energy EA into subsystem A, and through quantum invisible energy transmission, the energy taken out in the distant system B is usually EB smaller than EA.
When Masahiro Hotta first proposed his theory more than a decade ago, it didn't cause much of a stir. At the time, it was considered impractical to extract energy from the quantum vacuum because the theory seemed to defy the laws of physics and common sense. As William Unruh, a theoretical physicist at the University of British Columbia, puts it: "A vacuum has almost nothing to offer, and you can't extract energy from it."
But there is indeed some kind of quantum field fluctuation in the vacuum, and pulling energy into the vacuum from nearby space and using that energy is a realistic concept called "teleportation".
In 2013, Masahiro Hotta was invited to report in Canada. Upon hearing the talk, Martín-Martínez of the IQC Institute at the University of Waterloo in Canada quickly realized that energy teleportation could help solve problems he faced in the field of quantum information. They started working on quantum energy teleportation and in 2017 came up with a way to pump energy away from qubits. After years of experimental technology improvement, they finally verified the quantum teleportation energy experimentally in the nuclear magnetic resonance system recently.
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Nayeli Rodriguez-Briones, now at the University of California, who also participated in the experiment, told Quantum Magazine, "It's great to see that with current technology, you can The energy was observed to be activated".
In the experiment, they first prepared the two atoms into a ground state with the lowest energy: a strong local passive state (strong local passive state). Any local operation on any of the atoms cannot take out energy, and there is a gap between the atoms. Quantum entanglement. They then pulsed atom A and helper atom C, opening up the coupling between them, allowing helper atom C to gain partial information from atom A, and making sure that this did not change the energy of atom B. Then open the coupling between atom C and atom B, which is equivalent to passing the information of atom A to B. After this series of operations, we can use local operations to obtain energy from atom B. The above experimental steps can be completed in only 37 milliseconds, and the time required for energy to be transferred from A to B atoms takes one second, which is much longer than the experimental time.
Although it took 15 years for quantum teleportation energy to be verified, the current experiment is not very satisfactory. From a theoretical point of view, it is just some kind of quantum simulation. Professor Masahiro Hotta is cooperating with others to further develop experimental schemes based on condensed matter systems, based on edge currents in silicon-based systems (which naturally have quantum entanglement) to realize quantum teleportation energy. Quantum teleportation energy theory also has potential application value in black hole physics, quantum field theory of curved space-time and other fields.
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Reference:
[1] Charlie Wood. Physicists Use Quantum Mechanics to Pull Energy out of Nothing. quanta magazine
[2] Yin Zhangqi (Beijing Institute of Technology). Quantum Teleportation Energy: Is Extracting Energy from Vacuum a Reality? Science Popularization Department of China Association for Science and Technology
[3] New breakthrough: using "teleportation" to extract energy from a vacuum. Netease