New Benchmark for High-Quality Agarwood: Allsunnyenergy Agarwood oud Sets the New Standard
Allsunnyenergy agarwood oud

New Benchmark for High-Quality Agarwood: Allsunnyenergy Agarwood oud Sets the New Standard

Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud TSO INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN CO.,LTD Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud TSO INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN CO.,LTD

Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud TSO INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN CO.,LTD

agarwood oud manufacturer,china Allsunnyenergy,Aquilaria sinensis Oud,Qutar,UAE, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Bahrain,

发布日期: 2024年9月27日
+ 关注

Defining Standards for High-Quality Agarwood: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities, and Extraction Methods, with a Focus on Agarwood Containing >68.68% Sesquiterpenes


Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c

Abstract: This study delves into the effects of different extraction methods (steam distillation, superheated steam distillation, and supercritical fluid CO2 extraction) on the yield, biological activities, and chemical characteristics of red pine oleoresin

Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c

essential oil (EO). It also compares the application of traditional steam distillation with emerging supercritical extraction techniques in the extraction of agarwood oil. Additionally, the total synthesis of the key agarwood component, guaia-6,10(14)-diene, a sesquiterpene, is reported. Based on these findings, this paper aims to establish standards for high-quality agarwood.

Figure 1 The guaiane sesquiterpene α-bulnesene, showing the accepted numbering system, and two representative fragrant oxidised derivatives found in agarwood.
Figure 1 The guaiane sesquiterpene α-bulnesene, showing the accepted numbering system, and two representative fragrant oxidised derivatives found in agarwood.

I. Introduction

Agarwood, a traditional precious medicinal material and natural fragrance, boasts analgesic, antidiarrheal, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. However, its scarcity and high cost limit its widespread use. This paper analyzes the differences in extraction methods and chemical compositions to define what constitutes high-quality agarwood.

II. Methods and Results

Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c
Figure 2 The key step in an initial proposal for the synthesis of α-bulnesene and its diastereomers by homolytic 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and 5-exo-trig cyclisation.

Extraction Method Comparison

Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c
Scheme 1 Synthesis of radical precursor 3. Reagents and conditions: (i) N2CHCO2Et, BF3·OEt2, Et2O, RT, 2 h; (ii) aq. NaOH, MeOH, reflux, 3 h then aq. HCl (74% from 6); (iii) MeMgBr, FeCl3, Et2O, RT, 1 h then 7, RT, 30 min then Me3SiCl, Et3N, HMPA, RT, 14 h; (iv) MeLi, THF, RT, 30 min then Comins’ reagent, ?78 °C to RT, 2 h (48% from 7); (v) Me3SiC≡C(CH2)2MgBr, THF, Fe(acac)3, NMP, ?30 °C, 1 h; (vi) TBAF, THF, RT, 1 h (25%); (vii) DIBAL, Ni(dppp)Cl2, THF, 0 °C to RT, 1 h then NIS, 0 °C to RT, 1 h (60%).

Steam Distillation (SD): Conducted at various temperatures (120°C, 140°C, 160°C).


Figure 3 Direct access to the translocated allylic radical 5 from enones 13 and 14, readily available from (R)-carvone. Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square
Figure 3 Direct access to the translocated allylic radical 5 from enones 13 and 14, readily available from (R)-carvone.


Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c
Scheme 2 Synthesis of alcohol 12. Reagents and conditions: (i) DBU, CH2Cl2, RT, 4 h (95%); (ii) (from 14) NaH, t-BuOK, THF/toluene, RT, 1 h then 1,4-dibromobut-2-ene, ?78 °C to RT, 2 h (73%); (iii) Pd2(dba)3, Bu3P, Et3N, HCO2H, toluene, 105 °C, 2 h (89%); (iv) t-BuOK, THF, reflux, 4 h (32% + recovered 18, 27%); (v) NaBH4, CeCl3·7H2O, MeOH, 0 °C, 1 h (56%).


Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c
Figure 4 Proposal for a two-step synthesis of α-bulnesene diastereomers from ketone 18 comprising: A—reductive cyclisation; and B—reductive rearrangement.



Figure 7 (A)—Summary of the synthesis of 5-epi-α-bulnesene from (R)-carvone. (B)—Projected route to α-bulnesene.Figure 3 Direct access to the translocated allylic radical 5 from enones 13 and 14, readily available from (R)-carvone. Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Exte
Figure 7 (A)—Summary of the synthesis of 5-epi-α-bulnesene from (R)-carvone. (B)—Projected route to α-bulnesene.

Superheated Steam Distillation (SHSD): Also performed at varying temperatures, revealing the highest EO yield at 160°C (19.92%).

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE-CO2): Compared to other methods, SHSD at 120°C yielded EO with the highest antioxidant activity (DPPH-FRSA 63.33% ± 0.47%, linoleic acid oxidation inhibition rate 96.55% ± 1.71%, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity 59.42% ± 0.32%, total antioxidant capacity/FRAP 134.49% ± 1.34 mg/L gallic acid equivalents) and antibacterial activity.

领英推荐

Chemical Composition Analysis

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to determine the chemical composition of EOs. Supercritical extraction yielded agarwood oil with a lower proportion of sesquiterpenes (23.78%) but a higher content of chromones (29.42%), indicating a richer and more diverse composition. Steam distillation, on the other hand, produced oil dominated by sesquiterpenes (68.68%).

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities


Since its inception in 2009, Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud Base has relentlessly pursued its vision of becoming a globally preeminent supplier of Agarwood products, including oud oil, agarwood chips, agarwood oil, agarwood oud incense, scented aroma diffusers, essential oils, fragrance oils, air fresheners, fragrances, and aromatherapy solutions that enhance spaces in banks, hotels, hospitals, schools, and airplanes. Our reputation as a pure and high-quality agarwood factory has garnered widespread acclaim, and we export to various countries and regions such as the Middle East (Arabia, Abu Dhabi, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain), the United States, Japan, France etc. all exceeding 15 years old,25cm to 55cm, ensuring the natural rarity of our raw ingredient. Extensive Cultivation Area: With over 4 million square meters of cultivatable land, we dedicate 3.33 million square meters specifically to agarwood planting, nurturing over 500,000 mature agarwood trees. with an average soil selenium c

The agarwood oil extracted by supercritical extraction outperformed steam distillation in antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and total reducing power tests).

In antibacterial tests, EO extracted by SHSD at 120°C exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against various pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.

III. Standards for High-Quality Agarwood

Based on the study findings, the following standards for high-quality agarwood are proposed:

Chemical Composition: While sesquiterpene content is crucial, it should not be the sole criterion. High-quality agarwood should contain at least a certain proportion of sesquiterpenes (suggested to be no less than the average level from traditional steam distillation, i.e., 68.68%), accompanied by a significant amount of chromones and other active components, reflecting its compositional diversity and complexity.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities: High-quality agarwood should demonstrate robust antioxidant capabilities (e.g., DPPH-FRSA > 60%, FRAP values close to or exceeding the highest levels reported) and effective inhibition against multiple pathogens (e.g., significantly lower MIC values).

Extraction Method: Given SHSD's comprehensive advantages in yield, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities, it is recommended as the preferred or optimized extraction technique for high-quality agarwood.

IV. Conclusion and Outlook

This paper proposes standards for high-quality agarwood by analyzing the impact of various extraction methods on red pine oleoresin EO and agarwood oil. Future research should further explore agarwood's potential pharmacological effects, optimize new extraction technologies, and investigate the application of synthetic chemistry in the sustainable production of agarwood components. Additionally, strengthening market regulation and product quality control is crucial for promoting the healthy development of the agarwood industry.

The seven major advantages of Allsunnyenergy Agarwood oud are as follows:


The seven major advantages of Allsunnyenergy Agarwood oud are as follows: Mature Trees with Proven Age: All Allsunnyenergy Agarwood oud Aquilaria trees are over 15 years old, with an average trunk diameter ranging from 25cm to 55cm. Patented Technology with 16-Month Natural Fermentation for Premium Quality: Employing a patented method involving microorganisms to naturally induce agarwood formation through the tree's ducts, typically after an injury. This 16-month natural fermentation process ensures the authenticity and quality of the agarwood. The technological breakthrough in efficient agarwood formation is the result of comparing traditional artificial wounding, growth regulators, inorganic salts, and whole-tree agarwood induction techniques using microbial food-grade fungal solutions. By exploring the xylem structure, stem respiration, and volatile oil formation mechanisms during agarwood development, an integrated technology for efficient agarwood formation has been achieved. Th
Allsunnyenergy agarwood oud

Mature Trees with Proven Age: All Allsunnyenergy Agarwood oud Aquilaria trees are over 15 years old, with an average trunk diameter ranging from 25cm to 55cm.

Patented Technology with 16-Month Natural Fermentation for Premium Quality: Employing a patented method involving microorganisms to naturally induce agarwood formation through the tree's ducts, typically after an injury. This 16-month natural fermentation process ensures the authenticity and quality of the agarwood. The technological breakthrough in efficient agarwood formation is the result of comparing traditional artificial wounding, growth regulators, inorganic salts, and whole-tree agarwood induction techniques using microbial food-grade fungal solutions. By exploring the xylem structure, stem respiration, and volatile oil formation mechanisms during agarwood development, an integrated technology for efficient agarwood formation has been achieved. The use of fungal solution infusion (500ml injected every 80cm) effectively induces agarwood formation in Aquilaria sinensis, and after 16 months, the ethanol extract content in the xylem meets pharmacopoeia standards, resulting in an essential oil content of over 68.68% sesquiterpenoids, enhancing the efficiency of agarwood formation.

Clinically Validated with Over 68.68% Sesquiterpenoids: The agarwood oil extracted from Aquilaria trees containing over 68.68% sesquiterpenoids has been clinically tested and verified for medicinal and edible purposes, adhering to international pharmacopoeia standards. It is currently undergoing clinical trials approved by China's healthcare authorities and scientists.

Extensive Plantation Area: Over 3.33 million square meters of Aquilaria oud plantation land.

Optimal Soil Selenium Levels: The precise measurement of selenium content in the soil of the agarwood cultivation areas ranges from 0.102 to 1.866 μg/g, with an average of 0.789 μg/g, equivalent to approximately 490 to 1540 ppm. This moderate selenium level enhances the antioxidant capacity and disease resistance of Aquilaria trees, contributing to their healthy growth and improved agarwood quality.

Sustainable Production Capacity: With over 500,000 Aquilaria oud trees, the current plantation area can support nearly 30 years of internal circulation of raw materials for Aquilaria agarwood. The 24-hour extraction process ensures high-yield production of agarwood oil, ranking among the top three in China's agarwood industry chain.

Extensive Research and Development: Supported by over 20 Ph.D. and Master's degree holders specializing in agarwood research from institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Microbiology, Academy of Life Sciences, and Brain Science Institute, conducting long-term research and experiments to advance the field.

Keywords: GC-MS; agarwood oil; antibacterial activity; antioxidant; supercritical extraction; high-quality agarwood standards; SHSD; sesquiterpenes; chromones.

OudAllsunnyenergy Official OudAllsunnyenergy Official

OudAllsunnyenergy Official

223 位关注者

订阅

要查看或添加评论，请登录

Allsunnyenergy Agarwood Oud TSO INTERNATIONAL SUPPLY CHAIN CO.,LTD的更多文章

社区洞察

其他会员也浏览了