Neurological Functions of Glutathione In The Brain

Neurological Functions of Glutathione:

Glutathione, a thiol compound, is responsible for detoxification of reactive oxygen species in the brain. 20% of the oxygen supplied to the human body is utilized by the brain, resulting in the generation of reactive oxygen species. It is critical to detoxify these reactive oxygen species to protect the brain and neurons from oxidative stress and damage. Glutathione and its precursors are involved in the disposal of these toxic substances.

This article reviews the critical role of glutathione in the brain, especially in aging and neurodegenerative problems, the synthesis of glutathione in the brain, how deficiency of glutathione affects the brain, and how ANF glutathione devices help patients improve their neurological functions.

Glutathione Synthesis in the Brain:

Glutathione synthesis in the brain depends on two main enzymes; gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase. The former uses glutamic acid and cysteine to form glutamylcysteine. Similarly, glutathione synthetase combines glycine and gamma glutamylcysteine to produce GSH. Detoxification of free radicals does occur in the brain, and it takes place in the kidneys and liver.

The metabolic reaction between neurons and astrocytes activates the production of glutathione. Different cells of the body release glutathione in the circulatory system, and brain cells take GSH from plasma.

Role of Glutathione in the Homeostasis Central Nervous System:

Glutathione plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of homeostasis, especially in the process of aging. During the aging process, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species damage neurons, and GSH provides neuronal defense against them.

Calcium ion imbalance is one of the major causes of neurodegenerative problems. GSH prevents calcium imbalance and oxidative stress.

In newborns, glutathione regulates redox homeostasis and protects the brain from hyperoxic environments after delivery (extrauterine).

GSH is a tripeptide molecule. All three amino acids in GSH are involved in specific functions and interfere with neuronal signaling. Glutamyl residue provides a conformational flexibility to bind with all classes of glutathione receptors. In its free state, Cysteine is neurotoxic, but its toxic effect vanishes in peptide form. Glycine residue in glutathione acts as a co-antagonist of NMDA receptors. It acts as a main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain cells. Altered levels of glutathione lead to altered cell signaling cascade and synaptic plasticity, contributing to the development of pathophysiological changes.

Glutathione and Redox Homeostasis in the Brain:

Higher oxygen consumption in the brain results in excessive production of free radicals like hydroxyl radicals, nitric oxide radicals, superoxide anions, and nitrogen dioxide radicals. The GSH system scavenges these toxic free radicals by the thiol-disulfide reaction. This way, glutathione acts as a modulator for N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors.

How Does glutathione regulate Aging and Neurodegeneration?

Aging involves impaired metabolism, decreased performance, loss of neurons, increased oxidative stress, and diminished cognitive functions. During the oxidation of lipids membranes, several oxygen radicals are generated, mainly peroxides. Reduced GSH is oxidized to disulfide GSSG and decreases the reduction of peroxides in the brain. Glutathione reductase and its cofactor NADPH maintain a balance between the production of GSH and GSSG. Glutathione contributes to 90% of the availability of sulfhydryl groups and regulates the thiol status in the cells.

Age-related reduction in glutathione levels leads to many age-related diseases and the development of neurodegeneration. A recent?study ?indicates the role of glutathione in a-Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies. This study explored the mechanism of glutathione transport from one cell (neuron) to another. Trans Synaptically, it moves from one neuron to the next in the form of "seeds''. Tau protein or aSyn aggregates are responsible for heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases like Synucleinopathies and Tauopathies.

Increased oxidative stress and reduced GSH levels contribute to neuroinflammation and accumulation of aggregates. In?Parkinson's , neurodegeneration and pathological changes are related to glutathione levels in the brain cells. Additionally, neurotoxicity in?Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)? occurs due to low levels of antioxidants like glutathione.

How Does ANF Glutathione Device Affect Neurological Functions?

ANF Glutathione device consists of a unique treatment approach that supports the body's own frequencies to regulate glutathione levels.

It strengthens the immune system of patients and neutralizes the free radicals throughout the body. Glutathione device is harmless and can be used by everyone regardless of age. It detoxifies all toxic substances in the liver and brain. Lipid peroxidation increases the risk of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington, and other neurological diseases. Glutathione device prevents lipid peroxidation by supporting frequencies in the neurons.

Additionally, Glutathione protects the DNA from radiation damage and DNA mutations. It reduces oxidized centers on our DNA proteins.

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How to Get Started with ANF As a Healthcare Professional?

ANF therapy?? does not use any drugs, machines, or instruments. You can regulate your patient's nervous system by applying ANF devices directly on the skin and initiating a self-healing and self-regulating process.

ANF therapy?? is a holistic approach integrated with the knowledge of anatomy, biochemistry, physiology, and neuroscience of the human body.

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About ANF Therapy??

ANF Therapy?? uses circular ANF Devices, which are applied directly on the skin after palpation and assessment by a trained ANF Therapist following the ANF Therapy?? Method, Patented Model no. U202030252, ES1259974.

The purpose of ANF Therapy is to alleviate injury and pain within minutes.

Our aim is that the patient experiences a reduction of pain and swelling, an increase in range of motion, and an improvement in quality of life related to health. Non-transdermal non-invasive devices, NO needles or chemicals are used.