NCM/LFP battery cell cost and mass ratio breakdown and composition

Composition and cost/mass ratio of raw materials of NCM/LFP battery cells

NCM (layered materials):

Cathode: nickel, cobalt, manganese, lithium; cost ratio is about 40%, Mass ratio is 39%

Anode: carbon material (graphite), non-carbon material (silicon-based, titanium-based, tin-based, nitrogen compounds, metallic lithium); cost ratio is 12%, Mass ratio is 6%

Separator: Polylefin separator mainly composed of PE\PP; cost ratio is 30%, Mass ratio is 2%

Electrolyte: lithium salt, solvent and additives; cost ratio is 5%, Mass ratio is 15%

Copper foil: copper - copper with a thickness of about 1μm on both sides, and a layer of PET\PP\ in the middle The cost of the base film of PI and other materials accounts for 8%, and the mass accounts for 13%

Aluminum foil: hot stamping material that directly rolls aluminum into thin sheets; the cost accounts for 3%, and the mass accounts for 5%

The energy density ratio of the battery is closely related to its mass. Reducing the amount of inactive components in the battery has become a research hotspot. For example, diaphragm/copper foil/aluminum foil, these materials do not provide any capacity during the battery's charge and discharge process, and the density of copper foil and aluminum foil accounts for a large proportion, which is called "dead mass".

LFP (olivine positive electrode material):

Cathode: Raw materials mainly composed of lithium source, iron source, phosphorus source and carbon source; cost accounts for about 44%

Anode: carbon material (artificial graphite), natural graphite; cost accounts for 9%

Separator: porous polymer membrane, non-woven membrane, inorganic composite membrane; cost accounts for about 3%

Electrolyte: lithium perchlorate, fluorinated lithium salt, lithium fluorophosphate; cost accounts for 15%

Copper foil: PET composite copper foil; cost accounts for 10%

Aluminum foil: hot stamping material directly rolled into thin sheets of metal aluminum; cost accounts for about 2%

It is well known that the safety performance of NCM is worse than that of LFP. The core reason is the thermal runaway problem. When a short circuit occurs inside the battery, nickel cobalt manganese salt is more likely to decompose, and a large amount of oxygen is released during the decomposition process, which in turn exacerbates the combustion process. The thermal runaway temperature of NCM is within 200℃, and the thermal runaway temperature of LFP is 500-800℃