?? Navigating the New Frontier: AI Regulation Across the US States ????

As we stand on the brink of a technological revolution, the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence is reshaping industries, economies, and our daily lives.

But with great power comes great responsibility. ???

Each US state is carving its path when it comes to AI regulation, resulting in a complex tapestry of laws and guidelines.

From California's pioneering efforts to ensure ethical AI development to New York's focus on algorithmic accountability, states are becoming the frontline battlegrounds for shaping the future of AI governance.

I'm Oleksandra, an experienced IT/Tech Global Commercial Lawyer with over 18 years of international expertise,? and I’m sharing my legal practice knowledge and insights here.

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As of today, the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) in the United States is still evolving, and specific legislation can vary significantly by state.

Below is a general outline of notable legislation and guidelines that relate to the use of AI across various states as of October 29th, 2024.

However, for an accurate and comprehensive list of all state-specific regulations, it’s essential to follow up on recent developments on the state government websites, as new laws are continually being introduced.

Per State ???? Status & Initiatives:

California:

• Bill 942: California AI Transparency Act (AI systems that are publicly accessible within California with more than one million monthly visitors or users) implement comprehensive measures to disclose when content has been generated or modified by AI. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB942
• Bill AB-2013 Generative artificial intelligence: training data transparency with requirements for posting on the developer’s website documentation on AI. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2013
• California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA): Impacts AI by requiring businesses to disclose data utilization, including AI's role. https://cppa.ca.gov/regulations/pdf/cppa_act.pdf
• California Privacy Rights Act (CPRA): Expands on privacy laws affecting AI data processing. AB 2261: Introduced to establish the "California Privacy Rights Act" (CPRA), which includes provisions for the use of AI in decision-making processes, especially regarding consumer data.
• SB 1001, known as the Bolstering Online Transparency Act (BOT), is legislation aimed at enhancing transparency in online content moderation and data practices of online platforms. The law defines a “bot” as “an automated online account where all or substantially all of the actions or posts of that account are not the result of a person.” https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1001#:~:text=This%20bill%20would%2C%20with%20certain,content%20of%20the%20communication%20in

Illinois

• Artificial Intelligence Video Interview Act: Regulates AI use in video interviewing processes, requiring transparency and consent, use of AI in video interviews for employment purposes, requiring employers to notify candidates and obtain consent. https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/ilcs/ilcs3.asp?ActID=4015&ChapterID=68
• Biometric Information Privacy Act (BIPA): Imposes requirements related to the collection of biometric data, often used in AI systems.
• Bill 5322 on "algorithmic discrimination", "artificial intelligence", "consequential decision" https://legiscan.com/IL/bill/HB5322/2023
• Bill 5591 Bolstering Online Transparency Act. https://legiscan.com/IL/bill/HB5591/2023
• Bill 5116 Automated Decision Tools Act https://legiscan.com/IL/bill/HB5116/202

New York

• New York City Local Law 144: Requires employers to conduct bias audits on automated employment decision tools, including AI systems used in hiring. Proposed regulation on AI use in automated decision-making processes. https://www.nyc.gov/site/dca/about/automated-employment-decision-tools.page#:~:text=Local%20Law%20144%20of%202021,audit%20is%20publicly%20available%2C%20and

Virginia

• Virginia Consumer Data Protection Act (VCDPA): Addresses how businesses should handle personal data that may be processed by AI. https://www.oag.state.va.us/consumer-protection/files/tips-and-info/Virginia-Consumer-Data-Protection-Act-Summary-2-2-23.pdf

Washington

• Washington State AI Bill (Proposed): Proposes guidelines for ethical AI development and use, facilitating transparency and accountability, to create guidelines for the ethical use of AI, particularly in public agencies and services. https://www.atg.wa.gov/aitaskforce#:~:text=In%202024%2C%20the%20Washington%20State,by%20the%20Attorney%20General's%20Office .

Texas

• Texas Privacy Protection Act (Proposed): Similar to California's laws, it addresses the use of personal data, which is often processed by AI systems. https://capitol.texas.gov/tlodocs/88R/billtext/html/HB02060F.htm

Massachusetts

• Legislation on AI in healthcare?(Proposed): Focuses on the use of AI in clinical settings, ensuring patient protection.
• Bill H.1974 ?https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/H1974
• Bill S.31 ?to regulate generative artificial intelligence models like ChatGPT https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/SD1827
• Bill HD.4788 ?on Artificial intelligence disclosure https://malegislature.gov/Bills/193/HD4788

Minnesota

• Minnesota: AI Ethics Legislation?(Proposed): Advocates for the ethical use of AI technologies by businesses and governmental bodies. Proposed legislation aimed at promoting responsible AI use and addressing algorithmic bias.
• On May 24, 2024, Senate Bill 4757, containing a comprehensive Minnesota Consumer Data Privacy Act (MCDA), was signed into law by Minnesota Governor Tim Walz. It will take effect on July 31, 2025.

Colorado

• Colorado enacted the first comprehensive US AI legislation, the Colorado AI Act. The Act focuses on automated decision-making systems and defines a covered high-risk AI system as one that "when deployed, makes, or is a substantial factor in making a consequential decision."?https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024A/bills/2024a_205_rer.pdf ?

Connecticut

• An Act Concerning the Use of Facial Recognition Technology: Establishes guidelines for the use of AI in surveillance technologies. Proposals aimed at ensuring ethical AI development and deployment, focusing on transparency and accountability. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2023/act/Pa/pdf/2023PA-00016-R00SB-01103-PA.PDF ?

Utah

• Utah AI Bill: Focuses on establishing ethical guidelines for the use of AI technologies in both public and private sectors. https://le.utah.gov/~2024/bills/static/SB0149.html

Next Steps to follow-up:

1.???? For specific legislation and guidelines, checking state government or legislative websites will provide the latest updates.

2.???? Follow industry news and legal analyses, as discussions around AI regulation are ongoing and subject to rapid change.

Recommended recourses:

• AIPP US State AI Governance Legislation Tracker https://iapp.org/resources/article/us-state-ai-governance-legislation-tracker/
• BCPLLAW US state-by-state AI legislation snapshot https://www.bclplaw.com/en-US/events-insights-news/us-state-by-state-artificial-intelligence-legislation-snapshot.html
• State Legislative Websites: Each state has its own website for tracking bills and laws.

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This list provides a snapshot of some key pieces of legislation and guidelines related to AI across various states.

Here are the web links for the state legislative websites where you can track bills and laws for each U.S. state:

1. Alabama:Alabama Legislative Information System
2. Alaska:Alaska State Legislature
3. Arizona:Arizona State Legislature
4. Arkansas:Arkansas General Assembly
5. California:California Legislative Information
6. Colorado:Colorado General Assembly
7. Connecticut:Connecticut General Assembly
8. Delaware:Delaware General Assembly
9. Florida:Florida Legislature
10. Georgia:Georgia General Assembly
11. Hawaii:Hawaii State Legislature
12. Idaho:Idaho Legislature
13. Illinois:Illinois General Assembly
14. Indiana:Indiana General Assembly
15. Iowa:Iowa Legislature
16. Kansas:Kansas Legislature
17. Kentucky:Kentucky General Assembly
18. Louisiana:Louisiana State Legislature
19. Maine:Maine Legislature
20. Maryland:Maryland General Assembly
21. Massachusetts:Massachusetts General Court
22. Michigan:Michigan Legislature
23. Minnesota:Minnesota Legislature
24. Mississippi:Mississippi Legislature
25. Missouri:Missouri General Assembly
26. Montana:Montana Legislature
27. Nebraska:Nebraska Unicameral Legislature
28. Nevada:Nevada Legislature
29. New Hampshire:New Hampshire General Court
30. New Jersey:New Jersey Legislature
31. New Mexico:New Mexico Legislature
32. New York:New York State Legislature
33. North Carolina:North Carolina General Assembly
34. North Dakota:North Dakota Legislative Assembly
35. Ohio:Ohio Legislature
36. Oklahoma:Oklahoma Legislature
37. Oregon:Oregon Legislative Assembly
38. Pennsylvania:Pennsylvania General Assembly
39. Rhode Island:Rhode Island General Assembly
40. South Carolina:South Carolina Legislature
41. South Dakota:South Dakota Legislature
42. Tennessee:Tennessee General Assembly
43. Texas:Texas Legislature Online
44. Utah:Utah State Legislature
45. Vermont:Vermont General Assembly
46. Virginia:Virginia General Assembly
47. Washington:Washington State Legislature
48. West Virginia:West Virginia Legislature
49. Wisconsin:Wisconsin State Legislature
50. Wyoming:Wyoming Legislature

These links will lead you directly to the respective legislative websites where you can find more information about current bills, laws, and legislative sessions.

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Let’s discuss how we can create a balanced framework that respects both human authors and AI contributions!

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