Navigating the CSRD: Europe's Path to Enhanced ESG Reporting

On July 31, 2023, the European Commission took a notable step in advancing the objectives of the European Green Deal by formally endorsing the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). These standards not only outline the obligatory sustainability information that companies under the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) must communicate but also offer precise instructions regarding reporting methodologies.

Before we take a closer look at who will be impacted by these CSRD reporting standards, let’s look at a timeline for how we arrived here in the first place.

Before there was CSRD, there was NFRD

2014 - The European Commission (EC) adopts Directive 2014/95/EU. This Non-Financial Reporting Directive (NFRD) requires qualifying companies to include in their annual reports, or separate filings, and non-financial statements related to their impact on a number of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues including treatment of employees, diversity on company boards, respect for human rights, environmental protection and social responsibility.

2019 - The European Commission endorses the Green Deal, an ambitious strategy to transition Europe to a circular economy to reduce waste and pollution and reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Fostering sustainable economic growth is considered a critical element of the Green Deal’s success, so emphasis is placed on funding economic activities supporting ESG activities. In order to identify companies that are actively supporting ESG activities, the EC also shares its intention to review the NFRD. According to the EC, in order to appropriately channel funding towards sustainability efforts, stakeholders first need a common framework to evaluate ESG performance.

2020 - The EU Taxonomy Regulation comes into effect to address greenwashing. Taxonomy is a complex science-based classification system for identifying activities that can be considered environmentally sustainable. The EU Taxonomy’s definitions and rules enable market participants to identify and invest in sustainable assets with more confidence.

2022 - The European Commission adopts the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), which will replace and improve upon the NFRD. Not only does the CSRD mandate more detailed reporting by establishing a double materiality threshold which applies to both financial and impact materiality, but it also applies to more companies. The European Financial Reporting Advisory Group (EFRAG) is tasked with identifying the specific reporting standards needed. Emphasis is placed on developing a set of standards that align with various global standards already in place, such as those from the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD), Task Force on Nature-Related Financial Disclosures (TNFD), the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) and criteria from the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. The CSRD also includes references to the EU Taxonomy.

2023 - After receiving recommendations from EGRAG and hearing public comments, the European Commission issues the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). Companies falling under CSRD now have specific disclosure reporting guidelines .

Who will be impacted by ESRS?

While the NFRD affected approximately 12,000 companies, almost 50,000 companies (75 percent of businesses in European Economic Area) fall under the criteria for CSRD.

CSRD initially applies to large public-interest EU companies with over 500 employees, but over several years expands to eventually include small, medium and large EU companies meeting certain financial thresholds. In 2029, companies outside of the EU with subsidiaries or branches in the EU that meet certain thresholds will also be included.

What are the standards outlined in ESRS?

Before looking at the disclosure standards outlined in ESRS, it is important to consider the “why” behind the required disclosures. Ultimately, the European Commission wants stakeholders to clearly understand impacts, risks and opportunities a company is facing as it relates to ESG issues. This includes both the potential negative and positive impacts an organization has on the community and environment, as well as any sustainability related risks and opportunities faced by the organization.

To make an honest, informed assessment, this requires information related to a company’s governance structure, its internal control and risk management system, as well as its strategy and approach to ESG issues, including policies, procedures, processes and performance.

If all companies are required to disclose the same information, only then will stakeholders be able to identify those companies that are truly making meaningful and measurable inroads toward the European Green Deal compared to those companies which still have a long way to go.

ESRS covers the following:

• ESRS 1 addresses the mandatory concepts and principles to be followed by companies when preparing sustainability statements under the CSRD.
• ESRS 2 addresses specific disclosures related to companies' general business, as well as their compliance and governance strategy. Additionally, their impact on ESG and the risks and opportunities faced under ESG (often referred to double materiality) are required.
• Environment - E1-E5 covers disclosures related to the environment (climate change, pollution, water and marine resources, biodiversity and ecosystems, resource use and circular economy).
• Social - S1-S4 covers disclosures related to social standards (employees, workers in value change, affected communities, consumers).
• Governance - G1 covers disclosures related to the ethics of a company in regard to their corporate practices.

What are the important next steps?

CSRD reporting obligations begin in 2025 for large, public-interest companies in the EU with 500 or more employees and a balance sheet total exceeding €20 million or net turnover exceeding €40 million. Since these companies are required to report on 2024 data, that leaves just a few months to identify key deliverables.

Fortunately, many of the companies required to report in 2025 already have a significant number of standards in place. As mentioned earlier, ESRS incorporates many disclosure requirements from existing standards and frameworks including GRI, TCFD, TNFD and ISO 26000.

While the ESRS can feel intimidating at first glance, companies with a robust automated process in environmental, health, safety and sustainability in place will be able to leverage their expertise to operationalize and comply with ESRS requirements more efficiently.

Ultimately, CSRD is one more regulatory requirement. It fits well within the GRC framework, which excels at managing risk and ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. By following the below steps, you can help prepare your company for CSRD reporting:

1. Thoroughly review and understand the mandatory ESRS reporting standards.
2. Understand your business context, align stakeholders and undertake a double materiality assessment to understand which standards apply to your organization.
3. Formulate your sustainability strategy to manage sustainability impacts, risks and opportunities and align with your company’s enterprise risk and compliance management strategy.
4. Identify which elements are already covered as part of your strategy. Incorporate the remaining requirements into your existing strategy.
5. Update risk and action plans in addition to policies and procedures to align as needed.
6. Identify your targets and performance metrics required from your own operations as well as third parties that form part of your upstream and downstream value chain.
7. Develop governance strategies and procedures around data collection and CSRD report production to ensure compliance with CSRD disclosure reporting and guarantee you are prepared for external assurance when it comes into force.

In essence, the ESRS functions as a comprehensive reporting framework designed to enhance transparency, encourage responsibility, and strengthen sustainability initiatives within enterprises. This robust system equips stakeholders with greater understanding of a company's performance across environmental, social, and governance (ESG) aspects.

To learn more about how you can enhance ESG efforts within your organization, check out our checklist: 10 Steps To Get Your ESG Program Started