Narrative Command: The Startup Success Factor No One Talks About.
When I was Chairman of The Moth , we had a saying: everyone’s got a story. That was a lie told to encourage shy storytellers to step forward. Few stories are unique, and even when they are, they’re badly told, or worse, could put a crying baby to sleep. Great storytelling isn’t art, it’s math. It’s the sum of hook, anticipation, and resolution, multiplied by the skill of the storyteller.
But even great storytelling is worthless without story-audience fit, which requires the right story, at the right time, heard by the right audience.
Startups have few tools for differentiation other than narrative. Most are content to just get their story out, which may be as fleeting as a magazine cover. What a profound failure of imagination.
When a startup finds story-audience fit, enormous potential is unlocked. If a startup’s story becomes the story of the entire vertical, that potential isn’t merely realized — it becomes a transcendent, nearly unstoppable force of its own.
Every new vertical has one company that dominates the discourse. These companies shape the language and understanding of their verticals to their exclusive benefit. I call this domination “Narrative Command.”
Narrative Command makes it easier to raise capital, acquire customers, attract the strongest team, and suppress competition. Narrative Command does not necessarily equate to technical strength or market share, but it bestows the perception of it, buying time to convert perception to reality. Because Narrative Command allows a startup to leapfrog competition of any size, its seizure is essential.
Winning a new vertical isn’t necessarily determined by having the best team or technology; it’s often won by the first company to seize and hold Narrative Command.
Without Narrative Command, otherwise great startups are doomed. For every Uber, there’s a Sidecar . For every Turo, a Getaround .?
Investors have too long excluded Narrative Command potential from investment criteria. Why? Because Narrative Command is confused with brand awareness, something everyone assumes can be bought at a later date. This is a misunderstanding of the difference between marketing and communication tools versus goals. Press releases, events, and interviews are tools in the marcom arsenal; Narrative Command is a goal.
Narrative Command is not the inevitable result of marcom. Narrative Command must be the explicit goal of marcom or it is unlikely to be achieved. Most founders and investors think marcom is a box of tactics rather than what it is: a strategic weapon to be deployed. This is why marcom budgets are often seen as a nuisance rather than a high ROI investment. In most startups, marcom is deployed too late, with modest goals like new hire or product announcements, or—aimlessly—raising brand awareness. The strategic goal of every startup must further the perception of strength and inevitability. That is the baseline effort needed to seize Narrative Command.
Storytelling vs. Narrative Command
One of the most pernicious and wasteful ideas in marcom is the lionization of storytelling, as if repeating milquetoast anecdotes will elevate a company’s destiny. Most corporate storytelling is garbage anyway, no better than hipster poets droning to an empty room Sunday nights at your local off-brand coffee bar, and generally much worse. If you see “storyteller” in a LinkedIn profile, run. Marcom is full of “experts” on story structure, but few on Narrative Command, which is the difference between draftsmen and Frank Lloyd Wright.
The ability to draw does not make one an artist, nor an architect. Storytelling is a tool, not a goal.
Without the strategic goal of Narrative Command, corporate storytelling can never be more than tactical. Against unimaginative peers, this means perennial marcom budget attrition, and stalemate. Against a competitor seeking Narrative Command, it’s pissing in the wind. Investors beware.
No investment in storytelling leads to Narrative Command unless a startup’s story has the potential to transcend the company to encompass the entire vertical. Once a startup’s story becomes the context for all discourse, current and future competitors must spend additional capital simply to tread water in its shadow.
Examples of Narrative Command
The last decade’s predominant example of Narrative Command is Tesla, whose almost rote inclusion in automotive, electric vehicle and autonomous driving market narratives is orders of magnitude greater than that of any other modern company. This domination has persisted — if not grown — despite relentless media coverage of shortcomings that would likely have crippled a company lacking Narrative Command.
Other companies with Narrative Command include:
Some of these have entered the public consciousness, others are known only in their verticals, but all share one quality: their brands aren’t merely strong; they are perceived as the default winner in their category.
Components of Narrative Command
There is no shortcut to seizing Narrative Command, but it is typically constructed from one or more components. The components may vary company to company, and vertical to vertical. Tesla provides the clearest and most comprehensive example of how to construct it from multiple, mutually supporting components. The components of Tesla’s Narrative Command are so strong, Elon Musk deemed their PR department superfluous and shuttered it in 2020, with no apparent negative impact.
There are more components to Narrative Command than are listed here, but these are the primary components implemented by Tesla:
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The Narrative Command Pyramid and its Dynamics
Narrative Command is zero-sum, but there is value in defining lesser narrative states. A visual framework makes it possible to strategize ascent, mitigate decline, and understand competing narrative dynamics.
In the absence of competitors, ascent to Narrative Command is low-friction. Ascent friction increases in proportion to the number of competitors seeking it, and the longer they have done so.
Narrative Command, once attained, is self-sustaining, and its possessor virtually impossible to displace. Narrative Command also bestows extraordinary brand resilience, with near immunity to damage during crises.
Narrative Superiority offers none of those benefits, nor does Narrative Equilibrium, which is the natural state of mature markets.
If a company falls into Narrative Decline, it can be reversed by either 1) a spectacular, immediate, and public demonstration of organizational and/or operational change, or 2) a long and expensive commitment to that same change. The first is far preferable, because it denies competitors the time and opportunity to seize Narrative Command.
Once a company enters Narrative Irrelevance, its independence and survival are unlikely.
The Extraordinary Value of Narrative Command
Narrative Command can be valued in different ways, depending on a company’s stage and short-term goals. It might be the quality/quantity of key hires, or CAC reduction, or preferential terms in fundraising, but the most dramatic proof is valuation.
Consider Tesla’s extraordinarily high valuation, the subject of vociferous public? debate for years. As of September 2024, its market capitalization is ~$729 billion, with a P/E ratio of 67. Toyota, whose sales volume is ~5.8x Tesla’s, has a market capitalization of only ~$230 billion, with a P/E ratio of 8.6.
In July 2024 Morgan Stanley assigned 20% of Tesla’s valuation to its robotaxi business, which does not currently exist. Although Tesla isn’t the only car manufacturer with robotaxi plans, it’s the only one enjoying a valuation premium for it. As of this paper’s publication, that premium is ~$144 billion.
That’s Narrative Command.
Narrative Command is the Highest ROI Investment A Startup Can Make
Given the extraordinary value of Narrative Command at every stage in a company’s lifecycle, it is incomprehensible — if not negligent — for a startup to postpone its seizure. Even a modest investment on marcom at seed, with Narrative Command as its explicit goal, is the highest ROI investment a startup can make. The longer a startup postpones seeking Narrative Command, the greater the difficulty and cost of achieving it. Early seizure of Narrative Command is the widest moat a startup can possess.
Let Us Help You With Narrative Command
NIVC is looking for startups with Narrative Command, or its potential. Are you building a Deep Tech hardware startup based on a novel idea of where the world is going? One that you think will become the dominant narrative? We want to hear your story: [email protected] .
(If you’re only seeking Narrative Command for your company, click here for my advisory firm, Johnson & Roy .)
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Further reading:
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Scout | MBA | Patent Agent | Engineer | USMC | Car Nerd
1 个月Well written and insightful! Similar to negotiating from a position of power, narrative command is creating a position of power from which to market. It inherently forces competitors to be on the defense and prove the negative while not sounding like the person nobody likes saying "well, actually".
Experience over embellishment. An entrepreneur and executive in the TV & Film industry for 25 yrs. Leadership in the profit and non-profit space. Concept to delivery, I execute ideas into revenue.
1 个月Very smart order of redefining the core approach. The typical startup has a basic Cuisinart methodology of strategies. Your experience at The Moth does in fact qualify the hollow story-telling associated with flashy well funded startups. I've seen it too many times. Your thoughts helped to reorient my next venture. Good work!
Strategy & Program Management - Autonomous Driving
1 个月Really Great article Alex Roy !
Venture Capital. Narrative Command. Founder: NIVC, Johnson & Roy, The Drive, Autonocast. Chairman Emeritus @ The Moth. “Godfather of the Modern Cannonball Run.”
1 个月Looks like Tesla will maintain its Narrative Command.
Computer Scientist and Entrepreneur
1 个月I love this framing, it's both thought-provoking and practical. It's helping me gain a deeper understanding of mistakes with past marketing strategies and will be a helpful guide for the future. Great read, thanks for sharing! And I must add, 'The Driver' was an excellent read as well! ??