Myths vs. Facts: Debunking Common Misconceptions About Dengue Fever

Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne viral infection, is a significant public health concern in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.? According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 390 million dengue infections occur globally each year, with approximately 96 million clinically apparent cases.? Combating this widespread disease requires not only effective prevention and treatment strategies but also dispelling the myths and misconceptions surrounding it.

This article aims to shed light on some of the most common myths associated with dengue fever, providing accurate information to empower individuals and communities to make informed decisions regarding their health.

Myth #1: Dengue fever is just a bad case of the flu.

Fact:? While dengue can cause flu-like symptoms such as fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, it's a distinct viral infection with a wider range of potential complications.? Unlike the flu, dengue can lead to a severe and potentially life-threatening condition called dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF).? DHF is characterized by internal bleeding, plasma leakage, and a significant drop in blood platelet count.

Myth #2: You can only get dengue fever once.

Fact:? Dengue is caused by five different virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, DENV-4, and DENV-5).? A person can contract dengue fever multiple times in their lifetime, and each infection with a different serotype increases the risk of developing DHF.

Myth #3: Only adults are susceptible to dengue fever.

Fact:? Dengue can affect people of all ages, but children are particularly vulnerable.? According to the WHO,? the highest burden of disease is observed in children aged 5-9 years.

Myth #4: Any mosquito bite can cause dengue fever.

Fact:? Only female Aedes mosquitoes, specifically Aedes aegypti, transmit the dengue virus.? These mosquitoes are known to thrive in urban environments and breed in stagnant water sources.

Myth #5: Dengue fever is contagious from person to person.

Fact:? Dengue is not contagious directly between people.? The virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito.? The mosquito acquires the virus by feeding on an infected person, and then transmits it to a healthy person through a subsequent bite.

Myth #6: Papaya leaf juice can cure dengue fever.

Fact:? While there is some ongoing research into the potential antiviral properties of papaya leaf extracts, there is no scientific evidence to support its effectiveness in treating dengue fever.? Dengue treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on managing symptoms, maintaining hydration, and preventing complications.

Myth #7: People with low platelet count automatically have dengue.

Fact:? A low platelet count can be a symptom of dengue fever, but it can also be caused by other medical conditions.? A healthcare professional will conduct a comprehensive evaluation to diagnose dengue and determine the appropriate course of treatment.

Myth #8: Dengue fever only affects people living in dirty or unhygienic conditions.

Fact:? While proper sanitation and mosquito control measures are crucial in preventing dengue outbreaks, the disease can occur anywhere with established Aedes mosquito populations.? Dengue is prevalent in both urban and rural areas, and even well-maintained areas can become breeding grounds for mosquitoes if stagnant water accumulates.

Myth #9: There is no vaccine available for dengue fever.

Fact:? A dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia?,? was developed and licensed in several countries.? However, its use has limitations due to concerns about potential increased risk for severe disease in some individuals who have not had prior dengue infection. ? Several other vaccine candidates are currently under development, offering hope for a more comprehensive and effective preventive strategy? in the future.

Myth #10: Dengue is only a concern in developing countries.

Fact: Dengue is a global threat, with cases reported in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.? Travelers visiting these areas are at risk of contracting dengue, and the virus can be introduced into new regions through infected travelers.

Myth #11: Taking pain medication like ibuprofen can worsen dengue symptoms.

Fact: Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can increase the risk of bleeding complications in dengue patients.? Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is generally considered safe for managing pain and fever in dengue.? However, it's essential to consult a healthcare professional for guidance on appropriate medication use.

Myth #12: Mosquito repellent is ineffective in preventing dengue.

Fact: Using an effective mosquito repellent containing DEET, picaridin, IR3535, or oil of lemon eucalyptus can significantly reduce the risk of mosquito bites and, consequently, dengue infection.? It's crucial to follow the instructions on the repellent label for proper application and reapplication throughout the day, especially during peak mosquito biting times.

Myth #13: Dengue can be cured with traditional remedies or herbal medications.

Fact: While some traditional remedies may offer symptomatic relief like fever reduction, there is no scientific evidence to support their ability to cure dengue fever.? Herbal medications can potentially interact with other medications used during treatment, so consulting a healthcare professional before using them is essential.

Myth #14: You don't need to worry about dengue if you have a mosquito net.

Fact:? While mosquito nets can be an effective preventive measure, they are not foolproof.? Mosquitoes can still bite through thin netting, and gaps around the edges can provide entry points.? Using a combination of mosquito nets, insect repellents containing DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide), and wearing long-sleeved clothing and pants, especially during peak mosquito biting times (dusk and dawn), offers the best protection against dengue-carrying mosquitoes.

Empowering Informed Action

Combating dengue fever requires a multi-pronged approach.? Raising awareness about the disease, dispelling myths, and promoting evidence-based preventive measures are crucial steps in protecting individuals and communities.

By working together to dispel misinformation and empower informed action, we can make significant strides in controlling the spread of dengue fever and protecting public health.

Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India