Moving Away from Labels: A More Inclusive Approach to Autism

In the world of Autism (ASD), the terms "low-functioning" and "high-functioning" have been prevalent for decades. However, a growing movement advocates for moving away from this binary labelling system.?

This article will explore the reasons behind this shift, examining the limitations of these terms and proposing more inclusive ways to describe individuals on the spectrum.

Why "Low-Functioning" and "High-Functioning" Fall Short:

Focus on Ability vs. Need: These terms primarily focus on cognitive ability, often measured by IQ scores. They fail to consider the daily living skills, or adaptive behaviours, where individuals on the spectrum can have significant variations. A person with a high IQ might struggle with social interaction and require substantial support, while someone with a lower IQ might excel in a specific area and require minimal assistance in certain aspects of life.

Demeaning Implications: These labels are essentially judgmental, implying a hierarchy of value within the autism community. "High-functioning" often carries a more positive connotation, while "low-functioning" can be seen as negative and limiting.

Inaccurate Representation:? The autism spectrum is vast and diverse. These binary terms don't capture the individual needs and strengths of each person. Someone might struggle in one area but excel in another, making these labels a poor fit.

Spectrum Analogy: The autism spectrum is often visualised as a spectrum because autistic traits can present themselves in a wide variety of ways.? People on the spectrum can have very different strengths and weaknesses, and they may need varying levels of support in different areas of their lives. This is why a more nuanced approach to describing individuals who are autistic is necessary.

Social Stigma: The label "low-functioning" can carry a social stigma, implying that someone with autism is less capable or worthy. This can be discouraging and isolating for autistic individuals and their families.

Evidence from Research:

A large study published in The Transmitter found that individuals classified as "high-functioning" often faced significant challenges in daily living. This highlights the disconnect between IQ and the actual support needs of autistic individuals.

More Inclusive Language:

Here are some suggestions for a more person-centered approach:

Focus on Specific Needs: Describe the individual's strengths and challenges in different areas, such as social interaction, communication, sensory processing, and daily living skills.

Person-First Language: it’s important to take into consideration what each individual person has as a language preference. Some people may like to be referred to as "an autistic person," and others my prefer "a person with autism."?

Emphasis on the personhood and individuality avoids defining them solely by their diagnosis.?

Strengths and Needs Based Approach: Highlight the unique talents and skills of individuals on the spectrum. Describe the individual's unique talents and skills alongside their challenges in different areas like social interaction, communication, sensory processing, and daily living skills. This creates a more well-rounded picture.

Avoid Stereotypes: Avoid generalisations about autism. The spectrum is vast, and autistic people are just as diverse as the general population.

Respectful Terminology: Instead of using outdated or offensive terms like "suffering from autism," use respectful terms like "autistic traits" or "characteristics of autism."

By adopting these practices, we can create a more inclusive and respectful dialogue around autism.

Conclusion:

Moving away from the outdated "low-functioning" and "high-functioning" labels allows for a more nuanced understanding of autism.?

The conversation about inclusive language in autism is evolving. Be open to learning new terminology and respecting the preferences of the autistic community.

By focusing on individual needs and strengths, we can foster a more inclusive environment that celebrates the diversity of the autism spectrum.