The Motorcycle Safety Through ISO 26262: Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment
Title: Enhancing Motorcycle Safety Through ISO 26262: Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment
Motorcycles, with their unique dynamics and controllability factors, pose specific challenges when it comes to ensuring their safety standards. Recognizing this, the ISO 26262 series of standards has outlined a meticulous approach towards hazard analysis and risk assessment (HARA) tailored to motorcycles. This process is essential for identifying potential risks caused by malfunctioning behaviors and formulating safety goals. In this article, we delve into the key aspects of HARA for motorcycles within the ISO 26262 framework.
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Understanding the Objectives
The objectives of motorcycle-specific hazard analysis and risk assessment are multifaceted. Firstly, they aim to establish essential requirements for conducting these analyses. Secondly, the process involves identifying and categorizing hazardous events resulting from item malfunction. Lastly, safety goals, along with their Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) mapped from Motorcycle Safety Integrity Levels (MSILs), are formulated to prevent or mitigate these events effectively.
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Tailoring the Approach for Motorcycles
Motorcycles exhibit vastly different dynamic behaviors compared to other vehicles within the ISO 26262 standards. Notably, the rider's controllability plays a significant role in motorcycle-specific hazardous events. Consequently, the risk assessment methodology must be customized to address these specific challenges.
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Inputs and Initiating the Analysis
To initiate the hazard analysis and risk assessment, a clear item definition according to ISO 26262-3:2018 is mandatory. The analysis excludes internal safety mechanisms of the item, focusing solely on potential malfunctioning behaviors. Operational situations leading to hazardous events are meticulously described, considering both correct and incorrect vehicle usage scenarios.
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Classifying Hazardous Events
Hazards stemming from the malfunctioning behavior of the motorcycle are systematically identified and defined at the vehicle level. The severity, probability of exposure, and controllability of each hazardous event are classified. Severity ranges from S0 (no injuries) to S3 (life-threatening injuries), exposure classes range from E0 (incredible) to E4 (high probability), and controllability is classified as C0 (controllable) to C3 (difficult to control or uncontrollable).
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Determining MSIL and Mapping to ASIL
The combination of severity, exposure, and controllability leads to the assignment of a Motorcycle Safety Integrity Level (MSIL) for each hazardous event. These MSILs are then mapped to Automotive Safety Integrity Levels (ASILs) - QM, A, B, C, and D. This mapping ensures that the most appropriate level of rigor is applied to mitigate unreasonable residual risks associated with malfunctioning electronic and electrical items in motorcycle applications.
Functional Safety Manager at Volvo Trucks
1 年Nice. Just one point: You state that controllability is different, but it could be clarified that a person riding a motorcycle is accepting already a higher risk, consequently, there is a difference between MSIL and ASIL mapping.