More tips on how to write a good paper/article
Xian Jun Loh
Executive Director, Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR
How do you write a good article??
This is an old topic, but also a frequently discussed topic.?One's writing reflects oneself, an article is a true reflection of the author, representing not only his position and opinions, but also his style and personality.?
As we revisit this important topic, it serves as a timely reminder to ourselves on what we might have missed. We always learn new things, gain new insights as we re-read or re-interpret new points.
1. The writing object or publishing platform of the article determines how the article is written.?
Different settings, different environment calls for different types of articles. Different writing objects or publishing platforms, that is, different environments, have different readers, so they have to focus on different points and write different articles.?When writing an article, first ask yourself: Who is the most important reader of this article??What are they more concerned about??And then decide what kind of article to write.?I myself have written different articles for school newsletters, society newsletters, journals, scientific papers and magazines.?As the readers are different, the styles of the articles are also different.?In most cases, I am better at writing short review articles, but it is different from the articles of ordinary reviewers. It is mainly based on the research results of our team at the IMRE - such as a detailed synopsis or abstract of soft materials as a research topic, or even a synopsis of a monographic work - as the basis.??
2. How to choose the topic and title of the article?
The topic of my article is often the focus or hotspot of a research field. Ask yourself what are the difficulties, and controversies of the field that people are generally concerned about. These "points" are the core issues of the article, and they will continue to change with the period.?An article not only has a core issue, but also a core point of view.?Also ask yourself: What are the core issues in the field today??Who cares more about this issue??Through the titles of articles in different periods, we can see that my article usually follows the state of the research closely and over the years, the state of the research determines how my article progresses. The development of of the field determines my observation, research, thinking and consciousness, and also reflects my development in the field. The basic views and opinions on the hotspots and difficulties have also become the "wind vane" for observing the field's direction.??
3. How to arrange the content of the article??
My approach is:?starting from the topic of the article, first construct the framework of the full text, then form the various parts of the logic section, and finally give a summary?.?An essay should be an organic whole, and all parts are interrelated. There must be a relationship between the beginning, the middle, and the tail of the article, and there must be an internal relationship, and not conflict with each other?. Write an article The process of a good article itself is a process of observing, asking, analyzing, and solving problems."?The first is to observe the problems,?that is, to grasp the clues and phenomena that contain valuable issues in the extremely complicated research conditions, and to think deeply; the?second is to ask questions,?that is, to take thought-provoking and even controversial issues from the phenomenon. Extract it and present it to readers in a refreshing way; the?third is to analyze the problem,?that is, to use scientific methods to conduct in-depth, accurate, and professional research on the?problem?; the?last is to solve the problem,?that is, answer the questions concisely, logically and clearly, and put forward practical and feasible solutions to the problem.?
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4. How to deal with the relationship between research and writing??
Some people think that writing a good article is often done in one go, but it is not the case.?Writing an article itself is a research. To be precise, it?is research first, then writing; research and writing; research and then writing?.?Writing without research has a limited amount of value; only articles produced from in-depth and solid research are good articles with genuine and high value content.?In this sense,?a good article is actually a high-quality research result?.?
5. Thought is the soul of the article.?
Without thought, an article has no soul.?Many people ask me what is a good article.?My answer is that a?good article is good because it is thoughtful?.?Thoughtful articles are good articles.?We must consciously put forward and elaborate ideas with ideological value in the article, so that the "spark" of thought bursts out between the lines in the article, reflecting the penetrating power and attractiveness of thought.?This requires the article to have four characteristics:?first,?it?has to be philosophical, which?makes people read continuously and think about the problem;?second,?it?is enlightening,?comprehensible, and resonates;?third, it is instructive,?that?is,?it has a guiding significance to reality;?Fourth, it is forward-looking. What you?see and say can be tested by future experiments and proved by future researchers.?
6. How to highlight the style of the article?
This requires an article to have five aspects:?First, it must be substantiated,?important conclusions have a solid research foundation, and data must have sources.?The second is to be grounded in the statements, the content of the article is specific and substantial, without empty talk, nonsense, or verbose talk.?The third is speaking with reason.?It is necessary to be reasonable, have the most reasonable sayings, and be able to convince people with reason.?The fourth is speaking with degree, not only to be reasonable, but also to be disciplined, and not overly or radical.?Weigh out both sides of the argument. It's not all good nor all bad. Even a short article has a wealth of information. The combination of data and conclusions, and the combination of facts and comments. The content of the article stands up and can withstand doubts and scrutiny. Although the opinions or conclusions of the article are opposed by some people, but they must also pass more in-depth research to be able to refute it.?Fifth, have a lively style of writing,?that is, the author's core ideas are expressed in lively and attractive words, so that the words are well understood, the words are interesting, and the quality of the text/article is beautiful.?Why do you need to learn a language and use a lot of energy to learn it??Because language is not something that you can learn well, you have to work hard.?So how to learn a language??Learn by interacting with people. Absorb the new things from cross-field, people with different backgrounds, and to learn from historical articles.??
7. How to write a good article quickly??
Don't rush. A good article is a process of continuous brewing, continuous thinking, and continuous enlightenment. It is also a process of continuous self-enlightenment and continuous self-improvement?.?Therefore, once you have a good topic and a good idea, you must first write it down, form a draft, write a first draft, and prepare for further writing into a "good article" for accumulation and preparation.?Writing a good article through this process:?first from a good idea to an article draft, then to the first draft of the article, and then to the final manuscript; then enter the revision stage, constantly revise and choose, polish and finalize the manuscript.?Of course, the speed of writing a good article is also relatively speaking.?Even the shortest article and the quicker writing speed require sufficient deliberation, thinking, and modification?.?
8. How to edit an article??
A good article is like a work of art, which is polished through repeated revisions.?It is rare to write good articles without modification. Why do you want to modify? Or even rewrite from scratch? It's because the text is incorrect, or the thinking is good, but the text is not well expressed, and it needs to be revised. Important articles may be read more than ten times, carefully deleted and revised, and then published. The article is a reflection of objective things, and things are tortuous and complicated, and must be studied repeatedly to reflect the appropriate ideas.?My experience is:?Good articles are revised, and the revision process itself is a process of breaking through, revising, adjusting, and improving oneself?.?Sometimes I will put them aside some articles for a period of time after they are first completed, and do not rush to publish them. Some of them are because I am not satisfied enough, and some are because they are not clear for whatever reasons that I am even not sure. In?essence, the understanding of certain things is not clear enough. The point of view is not outstanding enough, and the writing logic is not rigorous enough?.?If you go back and modify it after a period of keeping it away, better results will often be achieved.?When working with my students and staff to write articles or essays, I sometimes use this method. Some manuscripts were revised more times, and refined to be as high quality as possible.
Of course, text is based on quality.?A good article is inseparable from a good topic selection, and it needs to express new discoveries and new ideas based on professional in-depth research, so as to reflect personal style, and the writing is a reflection of the person.?Being able to write good articles is a very important core competency, and articles written by a person are also an objective basis for us to judge a person's ability and level.?The ability to write a good article is not innate, but acquired through experience. There are no shortcuts.?Just like climbing a mountain, only by climbing a?lot and for a?long time can you climb higher; similarly, a?good article is written one by one, and if you write too much, you can write experience, write ability, and write. Only by doing it by yourself can you appreciate the value of writing on the academic road and the road of writing?.?This is the only way for us to write good articles.?
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