Model Inputs for WTE and SWM Technologies - updated July 11, 2024
- Waste-to-Energy (WTE) Technology:
- Biogas Digester
- Eco-Waste Incinerator
- Rapid Composting System
- Vermicomposting Unit
- Modular RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel)
- Plastic-to-Fuel Converter Technology
- Bioreactor Technology
- Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
- Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT)
- High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Recycling
This analysis compares various Waste-to-Energy (WTE) technologies: Incineration, Gasification, and Pyrolysis. The comparison considers several key metrics using data from reputable sources such as IEA, US DOE, US NREL, WEC, IRENA, Paul Breeze, and various Philippine agencies.
1. 1. Capacity (Tons/Day)
- Incineration: 100-500 tons/day - Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
- Gasification: 50-300 tons/day - Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
- Pyrolysis: 10-100 tons/day - Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
2. Capital Overnight Cost ($/Ton/Day)
- Incineration: $50,000 - $80,000
- Gasification: $60,000 - $100,000
- Pyrolysis: $80,000 - $120,000
3. Operating Cost ($/Ton/Day)
- Incineration: $30 - $50
- Gasification: $40 - $60
- Pyrolysis: $50 - $70
4. Fixed O&M ($/Ton/Day/Year)
- Incineration: $5,000 - $10,000
- Gasification: $6,000 - $12,000
- Pyrolysis: $7,000 - $14,000
5. Variable O&M ($/Ton/Day)
- Incineration: $10 - $20
- Gasification: $12 - $22
- Pyrolysis: $15 - $25
- Incineration: 30-50
- Gasification: 20-40
- Pyrolysis: 15-30
- Incineration: $1,000,000 - $2,000,000
- Gasification: $1,200,000 - $2,400,000
- Pyrolysis: $1,500,000 - $3,000,000
8. Fuel Consumption ($/Ton)
- Incineration: $10 - $15
- Gasification: $12 - $18
- Pyrolysis: $15 - $20
9. Fuel Quantity (MT/Year)
- Incineration: 36,500 - 182,500 MT/year
- Gasification: 18,250 - 109,500 MT/year
- Pyrolysis: 3,650 - 36,500 MT/year
- Incineration: 4,000 - 6,000 BTU/lb
- Gasification: 4,500 - 6,500 BTU/lb
- Pyrolysis: 5,000 - 7,000 BTU/lb
- All Technologies: Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
- Incineration: 1,000 kg/ton
- Gasification: 1,000 kg/ton
- Pyrolysis: 1,000 kg/ton
13. Lube Oil Rate (L/Ton)
- Incineration: 0.1 - 0.2 L/ton
- Gasification: 0.15 - 0.25 L/ton
- Pyrolysis: 0.2 - 0.3 L/ton
14. Incremental Cost for Expansion ($/Ton/Day)
- Incineration: $20,000 - $40,000
- Gasification: $25,000 - $45,000
- Pyrolysis: $30,000 - $50,000
15. Overhaul/Retrofit Cost ($)
- Incineration: $500,000 - $1,000,000
- Gasification: $600,000 - $1,200,000
- Pyrolysis: $700,000 - $1,400,000
- Incineration: 20-30 years
- Gasification: 15-25 years
- Pyrolysis: 10-20 years
17. Degradation Rate (%/Year)
- Incineration: 1-2%
- Gasification: 1.5-2.5%
- Pyrolysis: 2-3%
- Incineration: 0.75 - 0.85
- Gasification: 0.70 - 0.80
- Pyrolysis: 0.65 - 0.75
- Incineration: 20-30%
- Gasification: 25-35%
- Pyrolysis: 30-40%
- Incineration: $50 - $70
- Gasification: $60 - $80
- Pyrolysis: $70 - $90
- Incineration: $80 - $120
- Gasification: $90 - $130
- Pyrolysis: $100 - $150
22. Waste Management Fee ($/Ton)
- Incineration: $50 - $100
- Gasification: $60 - $110
- Pyrolysis: $70 - $120
Comparative Analysis of SWM:
- Capacity: 10-100 tons/day
- Feed Material: Organic waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $50,000 - $300,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $10 - $30/ton
- Fixed O&M: $2,000 - $5,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $5 - $15/ton
- Manpower: 5-15 pax
- G&A Expenses: $10,000 - $50,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $20 - $50/ton
- Fuel Qty: 500-1000 MT/year
- Fuel GHV: 5500-6500 BTU/lb
- Fuel Name: Methane
- Fuel Rate: 0.5-1 kg/ton
- Lube Oil Rate: 0.01-0.05 L/ton
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $10,000 - $50,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $100,000 - $500,000
- Useful Life: 15-20 years
- Degradation Rate: 2-3%/year
- Load Factor: 0.6-0.8
- Thermal Efficiency: 30-40%
- Waste Management Fee: $10 - $20/ton
- Capacity: 50-200 tons/day
- Feed Material: Mixed waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $150,000 - $400,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $20 - $40/ton
- Fixed O&M: $5,000 - $10,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $10 - $20/ton
- Manpower: 15-30 pax
- G&A Expenses: $30,000 - $100,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $50 - $100/ton
- Fuel Qty: 1000-3000 MT/year
- Fuel GHV: 4000-6000 BTU/lb
- Fuel Name: Diesel
- Fuel Rate: 1-2 kg/ton
- Lube Oil Rate: 0.05-0.1 L/ton
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $50,000 - $100,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $500,000 - $1,000,000
- Useful Life: 20-25 years
- Degradation Rate: 1-2%/year
- Load Factor: 0.7-0.9
- Thermal Efficiency: 20-30%
- Waste Management Fee: $30 - $50/ton
3. Rapid Composting System
- Capacity: 10-50 tons/day
- Feed Material: Organic waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $20,000 - $100,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $5 - $15/ton
- Fixed O&M: $1,000 - $3,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $2 - $10/ton
- Manpower: 5-10 pax
- G&A Expenses: $5,000 - $20,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $5 - $10/ton
- Fuel Qty: 100-500 MT/year
- Fuel GHV: 3000-4000 BTU/lb
- Fuel Name: Biogas
- Fuel Rate: 0.2-0.5 kg/ton
- Lube Oil Rate: 0.01-0.03 L/ton
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $5,000 - $20,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $50,000 - $200,000
- Useful Life: 10-15 years
- Degradation Rate: 2-3%/year
- Load Factor: 0.5-0.7
- Thermal Efficiency: N/A
- Waste Management Fee: $5 - $10/ton
- Capacity: 1-10 tons/day
- Feed Material: Organic waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $5,000 - $50,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $2 - $10/ton
- Fixed O&M: $500 - $1,500/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $1 - $5/ton
- Manpower: 2-5 pax
- G&A Expenses: $2,000 - $10,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: N/A
- Fuel Quantity: 20 MT/year
- Fuel GHV: 3,500 BTU/lb
- Fuel Name: Biogas
- Fuel Rate: 3 kg/ton
- Lube Oil Rate: 0.2 L/ton
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $1,000 - $10,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $10,000 - $50,000
- Useful Life: 10 years
- Degradation Rate: 1%/year
- Load Factor: 70%
- Thermal Efficiency: 25%
- Waste Management Fee: $2 - $5/ton
5. Modular RDF (Refuse-Derived Fuel)
- Capacity: 20-100 tons/day
- Feed Material: Mixed waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $80,000 - $200,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $15 - $30/ton
- Fixed O&M: $3,000 - $7,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $5 - $15/ton
- Manpower: 10-20 pax
- G&A Expenses: $15,000 - $50,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $30 - $70/ton
- Fuel Qty: 500-1500 MT/year
- Fuel GHV: 6500 BTU/lb
- FFuel Name: RDF
- Fuel Rate: 12 kg/ton
- Lube Oil Rate: 0.8 L/ton
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $20,000 - $50,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $200,000 - $500,000
- Useful Life: 20 years
- Degradation Rate: 1.5%/year
- Load Factor: 80%
- Thermal Efficiency: 25-35%
- Waste Management Fee: $20 - $40/ton
6. Plastic-to-Fuel Converter Technology
- Capacity (tons/day): 50
- Feed Material Name: Plastic waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $100,000 - $300,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $25 - $50/ton
- Fixed O&M: $10,000 - $20,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $15 - $30/ton
- Manpower: 10-15 pax
- G&A Expenses: $20,000 - $60,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $50 - $100/ton
- Fuel Qty: 200-1000 MT/year
- Fuel GHV (BTU/lb): 17,000
- Fuel Name: Processed fuel oil
- Fuel Rate (kg/ton): 20
- Lube Oil Rate (L/ton): 1
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $50,000 - $100,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $500,000 - $1,000,000
- Useful Life: 20 years
- Degradation Rate: 2% per year
- Load Factor: 85%
- Thermal Efficiency: 40%
- Waste Management Fee: $50 - $100/ton
- Capacity: 20-200 tons/day
- Feed Material Name: Organic waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $50,000 - $150,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $10 - $25/ton
- Fixed O&M: $2,000 - $5,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $5 - $15/ton
- Manpower: 5-20 pax
- G&A Expenses: $10,000 - $50,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $20 - $50/ton
- Fuel Qty: 500-2000 MT/year
- Fuel GHV (BTU/lb): 12,000
- Fuel Name: Biogas
- Fuel Rate (kg/ton): 15
- Lube Oil Rate (L/ton): 0.8
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $10,000 - $50,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $100,000 - $500,000
- Useful Life: 25 years
- Degradation Rate: 1.5% per year
- Load Factor: 90%
- Thermal Efficiency: 50%
- Waste Management Fee: $10 - $20/ton
8. Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs)
- Capacity: 5-50 tons/day
- Feed Material Name: Mixed solid waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $10,000 - $50,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $5 - $15/ton
- Fixed O&M: $1,000 - $3,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $2 - $10/ton
- Manpower: 5-10 pax
- G&A Expenses: $5,000 - $20,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $5 - $10/ton
- Fuel Qty: 100-500 MT/year
- Fuel GHV (BTU/lb): 10,000
- Fuel Name: RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)
- Fuel Rate (kg/ton): 10
- Lube Oil Rate (L/ton): 0.5
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $5,000 - $20,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $50,000 - $200,000
- Useful Life: 30 years
- Degradation Rate: 1% per year
- Load Factor: 80%
- Thermal Efficiency: 35%
- Waste Management Fee: $5 - $10/ton
9. Mechanical-Biological Treatment (MBT)
- Capacity: 20-200 tons/day
- Feed Material Name: Mixed waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $100,000 - $300,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $20 - $40/ton
- Fixed O&M: $5,000 - $10,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $10 - $20/ton
- Manpower: 15-30 pax
- G&A Expenses: $30,000 - $100,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $50 - $100/ton
- Fuel Qty: 1000-3000 MT/year
- Fuel GHV (BTU/lb): 11,000
- Fuel Name: RDF
- Fuel Rate (kg/ton): 12
- Lube Oil Rate (L/ton): 0.6
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $50,000 - $100,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $500,000 - $1,000,000
- Useful Life: 20 years
- Degradation Rate: 1.2% per year
- Load Factor: 75%
- Thermal Efficiency: 45%
- Waste Management Fee: $30 - $50/ton
10. High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Recycling
- Capacity: 5-20 tons/day
- Feed Material Name: HDPE waste
- Capital Overnight Cost: $50,000 - $150,000/ton/day
- Operating Cost: $10 - $25/ton
- Fixed O&M: $2,000 - $5,000/ton/day/year
- Variable O&M: $5 - $15/ton
- Manpower: 5-15 pax
- G&A Expenses: $10,000 - $50,000/year
- Fuel Consumption: $20 - $50/ton
- Fuel Qty: 500-1000 MT/year
- Fuel GHV (BTU/lb): 16,000
- Fuel Name: Processed plastic pellets
- Fuel Rate (kg/ton): 18
- Lube Oil Rate (L/ton): 0.7
- Incremental Cost for Expansion: $10,000 - $50,000/ton/day
- Overhaul/Retrofit Cost: $100,000 - $500,000
- Useful Life: 25 years
- Degradation Rate: 1.8% per year
- Load Factor: 88%
- Thermal Efficiency: 38%
- Waste Management Fee: $10 - $20/ton
- International Energy Agency (IEA)
- U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE)
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)
- World Energy Council (WEC)
- International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA)
- Paul Breeze
- Philippine Department of Energy (DOE)
- Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Center of the Philippines
- Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC)
- Wholesale Electricity Spot Market (WESM)
- Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
- Environmental Management Bureau (EMB)
- Solid Waste Management Association of the Philippines
Energy and Power Consultant at OMT ENERGY ENTERPRISES
4 个月model inputs for wte and swm technologies