Migration- Development Nexus in the Global South : Perspectives, Impact and Challenges # Migration # Development # Global South#

In today's world, migration exerts a substantial influence on social and economic progress. However, it is often contended that migration is a consequence of imbalances in development, and the resulting social changes may not always be beneficial. It is generally accepted that disparities in socioeconomic development between sending and receiving countries are the primary factor behind international migration. The most important point is that if material resources didn't increase as quickly as population growth, there would be a lot of people migrating from low-income developing countries (LDCs) to high-income developing countries (DCs). Theoretical and empirical research suggests that individuals decide to migrate in pursuit of livelihood diversification, reduced income risk, and as a response to the limitations of an imperfect market environment. Consequently, migration is increasingly recognized in the Global South as a significant livelihood opportunity. However, the benefits and welfare of migration and development are significantly impacted by the costs and risks associated with the financing strategy. In the global south complexities, cost, and risk associated with migration financing are enormous.

Remittances, migrant return, the use of knowledge and skills, and the involvement of the diaspora have drawn a lot of attention in academic and policy discussions about how migration affects development. However, we only have a partial understanding of the full scope of the positive effects of international migration on development since we seldom discuss migration strategies and the costs associated with them. Although international migration has a beneficial impact on development, its full scope is not fully understood, and migration strategies and their associated costs are seldom discussed. Migration incurs various costs, encompassing financial, social, and psychological aspects. However, the economic costs hold particular importance in the context of labour migration due to their profound effects on the lives of migrants and their families. While migration can serve as a crucial source of income for economically disadvantaged households, it can also render them more vulnerable by depleting their resources. Therefore, migration financing and the resource backwash that may accompany migration must be considered in the economic consequences of migration analysis.

In the context of contemporary migration, when south-south migration is prevalent, the context of resource backwash, which refers to the resources that flow out from the migrant family in order to fund and maintain the migratory event, is often overlooked in this discussion.?Migration from south to south is taking on a shape that is becoming more temporary and circular, with shorter episodic movements. In addition, there are differences between the cost of migration and remittances received by the migrants over time. If one does not take into account all of the costs that are connected with migration, then any study of the impacts of migration on development is only going to provide an incomplete picture at best.

Circular migration in the global south has been shown in various studies to enable rural households' expanding circuits of mobility to incorporate alternative niches into the household's resource base. Thus, this mobility extends access and also reduces exposure to risk. These ideas are at the heart of the new economic theories of migration and fit with livelihood approaches to development. Since circular migration is evolved in the context of surplus labour mobility for diversifying the livelihood strategy at the household, therefore in the theoretical discussion I will discuss in the next section highlighting New Economics of Labour Migrations (NELM).

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Sources:

Moniruzzaman, M. and Walton-Roberts, M., 2018. Migration, debt and resource backwash: how sustainable is Bangladesh-Gulf circular migration?.?Migration and Development,?7(1), pp.85-103.

Nyberg–S?rensen, N., Hear, N.V. and Engberg–Pedersen, P., 2002. The migration–development nexus: Evidence and policy options.?International Migration,?40(5), pp.49-73.

Portes, A., 2009. Migration and development: reconciling opposite views.?Ethnic and racial studies,?32(1), pp.5-22.

Rahman, M.M., 2015. Migrant indebtedness: Bangladeshis in the GCC countries.?International Migration,?53(6), pp.205-219.

Stark, O. and Bloom, D.E., 1985. The new economics of labor migration.?The American Economic review,?75(2), pp.173-178.

Taylor, E.J., 1999. The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process.?International migration,?37(1), pp.63-88.