Microstructural analysis of 3d printed ceramics
The following article is a piece of writing that is published on the WZR ceramic solutions GmbH?website and is property of the company.
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The microstructure of e.g. technical #ceramics can be studied using a wide range of methods. One of these very important analysis methods is the scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
The principle of scanning electron microscopy is based on interactions between the sample material and the electron beam used to scan the sample. This allows the spatially resolved investigation of the microstructure and the chemical composition, which indicate e.g. the degree of sintering, the distribution of particles and elements and therefore give information about why the ceramic has certain physical properties. You’ll find more information about SEM/EDX here:
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For additively manufactured components produced by binder jetting, for example, the plane to be examined must be cleverly chosen. A lateral cut makes it possible to observe the layering and the bond between individual layers. The sectioning in the layer plane allows a statement to be made about the homogeneity of the powder or the ink. This is particularly important when particles in the ink are chemically different to the powder bed. It also gives information about the homogeneity in the powder bed and the printhead
Looking at the microstructure of a part produced with MEX helps characterize the printing process and the paste. If the homogenization process was not successful, a gradation of particle sizes across the part or a higher content of organics in certain areas (now seen as pores) may be visible. But it is not only a matter of accumulations of organics that can contribute to porosity or lower flexural strength: gas inclusions in the paste or poor (or small) bonding between adjacent extruded lines can lead to inadequate mechanical properties.
In summary, SEM/EDX analysis is important for characterizing AM parts during the #development process. It helps to identify whether the cause of problems lies in the material, be it paste or powder/ink, or in the printing process itself.
... still a very important topic to understand printing results