Microservices Architecture
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What are Microservices?
Microservices, often referred to as Microservices architecture, is an architectural approach that involves dividing large applications into smaller, functional units capable of functioning and communicating independently.?
This approach arose in response to the limitations of monolithic architecture. Because monoliths are large containers holding all software components of an application, they are severely limited: inflexible, unreliable, and often develop slowly.?
With microservices, however, each unit is independently deployable but can communicate with each other when necessary. Developers can now achieve the scalability, simplicity, and flexibility needed to create highly sophisticated software applications.?
How does microservices architecture work?
Microservices architecture focuses on classifying otherwise large, bulky applications. Each microservice addresses an application’s particular aspect and function, such as logging, data search, and more. Together, these microservices form a single application.
The client can use the user interface to generate requests. At the same time, one or more microservices are commissioned through the API gateway to perform the requested task. As a result, even larger complex problems that require a combination of microservices can be solved relatively easily.
Microservices systems facilitate each component service’s independent building, operation, scaling, and deployment. There is no sharing of the codes or functionality with other services. The use of well-defined APIs propagates communication between the program’s various components.
Key benefits of microservices architecture
1. Less development effort
Smaller development teams can work in parallel on different components to update existing functionalities. This makes it significantly easier to identify hot services, scale independently from the rest of the application, and improve the application.
2. Improved scalability
Microservices launch individual services independently, developed in different languages or technologies; all tech stacks are compatible, allowing DevOps to choose any of the most efficient tech stacks without fearing if they will work well together.
3. Independent deployment
Each microservice constituting an application needs to be a full stack. This enables microservices to be deployed independently at any point. Since microservices are granular in nature, development teams can work on one microservice, fix errors, and then redeploy it without redeploying the entire application.
4. Error isolation
In monolithic applications, the failure of even a small component of the overall application can make it inaccessible. In some cases, determining the error could also be tedious.
With microservices, isolating the problem-causing component is easy since the entire application is divided into standalone, fully functional software units. If errors occur, other non-related units will still continue to function.??
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5. Integration with various tech stacks
With microservices, developers have the freedom to pick the tech stack best suited for one particular microservice and its functions. Instead of opting for one standardized tech stack encompassing all of an application’s functions, they have complete control over their options.
Microservices tools
Building a microservices architecture requires a mix of tools and processes to perform the core building tasks and support the overall framework. Some of these tools are listed below.
1. Programming languages
One of the benefits of using a microservices architecture is that you can use a variety of programming languages across applications for different services. Different programming languages have different utilities deployed based on the nature of the microservice.
2. API management and testing tools
The various services need to communicate when building an application using a microservices architecture. This is accomplished using application programming interfaces (APIs). For APIs to work optimally and desirably, they need to be constantly monitored, managed and tested, and API management and testing tools are essential for this.
3. Messaging tools
Messaging tools enable microservices to communicate both internally and externally. RabbitMQ and Apache Kafka are examples of messaging tools deployed as part of a microservice system.
4. Architectural frameworks
Microservices architectural frameworks offer convenient solutions for application development and usually contain a library of code and tools to help configure and deploy an application.
5. Monitoring tools
Once a microservices application is up and running, you must constantly monitor it to ensure everything is working smoothly and as intended. Monitoring tools help developers stay on top of the application’s work and avoid potential bugs or glitches.
6. Serverless tools
Serverless tools further add flexibility and mobility to the various microservices within an application by eliminating server dependency. This helps in the easier rationalization and division of application tasks.
Real-World Examples of Companies using Microservices Architecture
Organizations experienced a massive change while using microservice in their application, and that’s where the transition from monolithic to microservice came. You can go through some of the real-life examples in applications that use microservice are: