MICROENCAPSULATED BIOACTIVES IN ANIMAL NUTRITION: ENHANCING LIVESTOCK HEALTH

The microencapsulation of bioactives is an innovative technique that allows for the protection and controlled release of active ingredients in animals. This process is especially crucial in animal nutrition, where the stability and efficacy of the ingredients are fundamental to ensuring the health and well-being of livestock species.

INGREDIENT STABILITY

Before deciding on the need and type of microencapsulation, it is essential to evaluate the stability of the ingredient in its current form. If the ingredient is not stable in the final product, microencapsulation and delivery systems are necessary to ensure the stability, efficacy, and controlled release of the ingredient.

ENCAPSULATION TECHNOLOGIES AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS

There are various encapsulation technologies and delivery systems, each with its own advantages and specific applications. Some possible structures within delivery system particles include:

• Homogeneous
• Core-shell
• Dispersion
• Combination of these structures

The selection of suitable materials for encapsulation in animal nutrition applications is crucial. Some of the most common materials include:

• Proteins: Used for their ability to form protective matrices and gradually release active ingredients.
• Carbohydrates/gums: Such as simple sugars and natural gums, which offer stability and gelling properties.
• Lipids: Provide a hydrophobic barrier that protects ingredients sensitive to moisture.
• Emulsifiers: Help stabilize mixtures and improve the dispersion of encapsulated ingredients.
• Cellulose: Used for its ability to form solid and stable matrices.

TECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PRODUCE ENCAPSULATION AND DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Several methods exist for encapsulating probiotics and other bioactives, categorized into chemical, physical, and physicochemical methods:

Chemical:

• Solvent evaporation
• Interfacial crosslinking
• Interfacial polycondensation
• In situ polymerization
• Matrix polymerization

Physical:

• Spray drying
• Pan coating
• Fluidized bed coating
• Centrifugal extrusion

Physicochemical:

• Ionotropic gelation
• Polyelectrolyte complexation
• Phase separation
• Supercritical fluid technology

ENCAPSULATION OF PROBIOTIC MICROORGANISMS IN VARIOUS DELIVERY SYSTEMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL FEATURES

The encapsulation of probiotic microorganisms in delivery systems offers several functional benefits, including:

• Increased viability in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of animals: Encapsulation protects probiotics during gastrointestinal transit, improving their survival and efficacy. This is crucial for livestock species, where digestive health directly impacts animal performance and well-being.
• Increased stability during long-term storage: Encapsulated probiotics are more resistant to high temperatures and harsh GIT conditions, ensuring their viability and functionality over time.

In animal nutrition, especially for livestock species, microencapsulation technology represents a significant advancement. It not only enhances the stability and release of active ingredients but also optimizes the health and performance of animals, contributing to more efficient and sustainable livestock production.