MENTAL COMMUNICATION.........

Telepathy (from the ancient GREEK τ?λε, tele meaning "distant" and π?θο?, pathos or -patheia meaning is the purported transmission of information from one person to another without using any of our known sensory channels or physical interaction. The term was coined in 1882 by the classical scholar F.MYERS, and has remained more popular than the earlier expression thought-transference.

There is no scientific evidence that telepathy is a real phenomenon. Many studies seeking to detect, understand, and utilize telepathy have been carried out, but no replicable results from well-controlled experiments exist.

Telepathy is a common theme in modern fiction with many extraterresrials having telepathic ability.

The origin of the concept of telepathy in the Western civilization can be tracked to the late 19th century. As the physical sciences made significant advances, scientific concepts were applied to mental phenomena with the hope that this would help understand paranormal phenomena. The modern concept of telepathy emerged in this context.

A valable explanation for telepathy could be electromagnetism (EM) involving EMfields. In a series of experiments the EM levels were many orders of magnitude lower than calculated and no paranormal effects were observed. Both Taylor and Balanovski wrote their results were a strong argument against the validity of telepathy.

Research in anomalistic psychology has discovered that in some cases telepathy can be explained by a covariation bias In an experiment (Schienle et al. 1996) 22 believers and 20 skeptics were asked to judge the covariation between transmitted symbols and the corresponding feedback given by a receiver. According to the results the believers overestimated the number of successful transmissions whilst the skeptics made accurate hit judgments.The results from another telepathy experiment involving 48 undergraduate college students (Rudski, 2002) were explained by hindsight and confirmation biases.

In parapsychology

Within the field of parapsychology, telepathy is considered to be a form of  ESP or anomalous cognition in which information is transferred through Psi. It is often categorized similarly to precognition and clairvoyance. Experiments have been used to test for telepathic abilities.

Types

Parapsychology describes several forms of telepathy;

• Latent telepathy, formerly known as "deferred telepathy", is described as the transfer of information, through Psi, with an observable time-lag between transmission and reception.
• Retrocognitive, precognitive, and intuitive telepathy is described as being the transfer of information, through Psi, about the past, future or present state of an individual's mind to another individual.
• Emotive telepathy, also known as remote influence or emotional transfer, is the process of transferring kinesthetic sensations through altered states.
• Superconscious telepathy involves tapping into the superconscious to access the collective wisdom of the human species for knowledge.

Parapsychological studies into DREAM TELEPATHY were carried out at the Maimonides Medical Center in BROOKLIN  led by Stanley KNIPPER and Montague ULLMAN. They concluded the results from some of their experiments supported dream telepathy. However, the results have not been independently replicated.The psychologistJames ALCOCK has written the dream telepathy experiments at Maimonides have failed to provide evidence for telepathy and "lack of replication is rampant."

The picture target experiments that were conducted by Krippner and Ullman were criticized by C.HANSEL. According to Hansel there were weaknesses in the design of the experiments in the way in which the agent became aware of their target picture. Only the agent should have known the target and no other person until the judging of targets had been completed, however, an experimenter was with the agent when the target envelope was opened. Hansel also wrote there had been poor controls in the experiment as the main experimenter could communicate with the subject.

An attempt to replicate the experiments that used picture targets was carried out by Edward Belvedere and David Foulkes. The finding was that neither the subject nor the judges matched the targets with dreams above chance level. Results from other experiments by Belvedere and Foulkes were also negative.

In conclusion;what man doesn't understand doesn't exist;Telepathy doesn't appear on order,it is absolutely imprevisible;This is not a question of cards or symbols to guess,but ideas and concepts;Experiences are basics;They are a lot of fakes,charlatans who have discredited this phenomenon;The brain is a sender/ receiver of waves,so telepathy does necessarily exist;Of course this particularity is not given to anybody;Why?I don't know;And,as always,the scientists are wrapping very doubtful theories in a fatras of savant words ,as the Moliere doctors,and by doing this are insulting the intelligence of many people.Not all the profession,of course;But telepathy,mental communication affects you when you are not waiting for it....To my knowledge people pretending,on command,telepathically communicate are tricksters,in this case carnival attractions,or forgeries,which is far more worse.Don't make the confusion with cold reading(an old carnival technique),which has nothing to do with telepathy,and mental communication.I rest my case..

D D/