Measuring Successful Safety Performance

Understanding the Leading and Lagging Indicators of Safety Performance:

One way to improve the effectiveness of your safety program is to change the way it is measured.

Measurement is an important part of any management process and forms the basis for continuous improvement. Measuring safety performance is no different and effectively doing so will compound the success of your improvement efforts.

Finding the perfect measure of safety is a challenging task. What you want is to measure both the bottom-line results of safety as well as how well your facility is doing at preventing accidents and incidents. To do this, you will use a combination of lagging and leading indicators of safety performance.

Lagging indicators of safety performance:

What is a lagging indicator?

Lagging indicators measure a company’s incidents in the form of past accident statistics.

Examples include:

-Injury frequency and severity

-OSHA recordable injuries

-Lost workdays

-Worker’s compensation costs (EMR)

Why use lagging indicators?

Lagging indicators are the traditional safety metrics used to indicate progress toward compliance with safety rules and regulations. These are the bottom-line numbers that evaluate the overall effectiveness of safety at your company. They tell you how many people got hurt and how badly.

The drawbacks of lagging indicators:

The major drawback to only using lagging indicators of safety performance is that they tell you how many people got hurt and how badly, but not how well your company is doing at preventing incidents and accidents.

The reactionary nature of lagging indicators makes them a poor gauge of prevention. For example, when managers see a low injury rate, they may become complacent and put safety on the bottom of their to-do list, when in fact, there are numerous risk factors present in the workplace that will contribute to future injuries.

Leading indicators of safety performance:

What is a leading indicator?

A leading indicator is a measure preceding or indicating a future event used to drive and measure activities carried out to prevent and control injury. How solid is our program/culture?

Examples include:

1- Safety training

-New Hire / Orientation

-IET – Increased Exposure Training

-Competent Person

-Supervisor Development

2- Employee perception surveys and emails

3- Safety reviews

-Operations Site Audits

-Quarterly Process Reviews

-Peer Reviews

-Sr. Manager Behavior Observations

4- Recognition awards

-Point of Success

-Supervisor Nominated

-Safe Employee of the Year

-Safe Supervisor of the Year

-Safety Professional of the Year

5- Program Participation

-Good Catch

-T.R.A.P.

-S.L.A.M.

-Family Matters

-We Are Our Brothers Keeper

6- Committee Involvement

-Divisional Safety Committee

-Corporate Safety Committee

-Disciplinary Committee

-Employee Action Committee

7- Near miss reporting 

Why use leading indicators?

Leading indicators are focused on future safety performance and continuous improvement. These measures are proactive in nature and report what employees are doing on a regular basis to prevent injuries.

Best practices for using leading indicators:

Companies dedicated to safety excellence are shifting their focus to using leading indicators to drive continuous improvement. Lagging indicators measure failure; leading indicators measure performance, and that’s what we’re after!

Measurement through leading indicators should:

-Allow you to see small improvements in performance.

-Measure the positive: what people are doing versus failing to do.

-See what’s working and what’s not: practices, policies, procedures and programs.

-Enable frequent feedback to all stakeholders.

-Be credible to performers.

-Be predictive.

-Increase constructive problem solving around safety.

-Make it clear what needs to be done to get better.

-Track Impact versus Intention.

While there is no perfect or “one size fits all” measure for safety, following these criteria will help you track impactful leading indicators.

How we used leading indicators to create world-class safety

Traditional metrics can help companies tell the score at the end of the game, but they don’t help employers understand the strengths and weaknesses of their safety efforts and cannot help managers predict future success.”

By utilizing a Safety Strategic Improvement Plan (SIP) that emphasized leading indicators of safety, we saw an 85% reduction of injuries, incidents and over $2.7 million in direct/indirect cost savings over an 18-month period.

The critical elements of the SIP included:

-Written plan of action w/time line for implementation estimates.

-Corporate-wide statement of culture.

-Corporate, division and site plans, tools and metrics.

-Top-down leadership of and engagement with the plan.

-Clearly defined and linked roles and responsibilities.

-Clearly defined accountability.

-Consistent methods establishing targets and reporting performance.

-Consistent criteria for prioritizing issues and aligning resources.

-Recognition for positive behavior and performance.

-Ownership and commitment from the field.

-Promotional tours from all levels. 

Conclusion

To improve the safety performance of your company, you should use a combination of leading and lagging indicators.

When using leading indicators, it’s important to make your metrics based on impact. For example, don’t just track the number and attendance of safety meetings and training sessions – measure the impact of the safety meeting by determining the number of people who met the key learning objectives of the meeting / training and how effective is it in the field!

It is important to have a complete understanding for what is working and what is not. However, the most vital component is effectiveness! All the time and energy put into program development must have a positive impact on your culture and be measured effective.