Mastering Microsoft AZ-900: Comprehensive Top 100 Questions & Answers

AZ-900 (Microsoft Azure Fundamentals) - Important topics and questions to help you prepare for the exam:

1. What is Azure?

- Answer: Azure is a cloud computing platform and infrastructure created by Microsoft. It offers services such as compute, storage, and networking, along with various tools and services designed to help businesses scale and grow.

2. What are the advantages of using cloud services?

- Answer: Cost-efficiency, scalability, flexibility, increased collaboration, and disaster recovery.

3. Differentiate between Capital Expenditure (CapEx) and Operational Expenditure (OpEx).

- Answer: CapEx is the upfront cost businesses invest in physical goods, while OpEx is the ongoing cost for running services or systems.

4. What is the Azure portal?

- Answer: A web-based application to manage all Azure services.

5. Name the types of cloud models.

- Answer: Public Cloud, Private Cloud, and Hybrid Cloud.

6. Define IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.

- Answer: IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) provides virtualized computing resources over the internet. PaaS (Platform as a Service) provides a platform allowing customers to develop, run, and manage applications. SaaS (Software as a Service) is a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a vendor and provided to users over the internet.

7. What is Azure Resource Manager (ARM)?

- Answer: ARM is a management solution that allows users to deploy, manage, and monitor Azure resources.

8. What is the Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

- Answer: It's a commitment from Microsoft on the availability, performance, and operation of Azure services.

9. What is a resource group in Azure?

- Answer: A logical container for resources deployed within an Azure subscription.

10. Define Availability Zones.

- Answer: They are unique physical locations within an Azure region, made up of one or more datacenters equipped with independent power, cooling, and networking.

11. What are Azure VM Scale Sets?

- Answer: Azure VM Scale Sets let you create and manage a group of identical, load-balanced VMs.

12. What is Azure Blob Storage?

- Answer: Azure Blob Storage is Microsoft's object storage solution for the cloud. It's optimized for storing massive amounts of unstructured data.

13. Explain Azure Cosmos DB.

- Answer: A globally distributed, multi-model database service designed for large-scale applications.

14. What are Azure Functions?

- Answer: Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that enables users to run event-driven code without managing infrastructure.

15. Name different types of Azure Networks.

- Answer: Azure Virtual Network, Azure ExpressRoute, Azure Traffic Manager, and Azure VPN Gateway.

16. What is Azure Active Directory (Azure AD)?

- Answer: Azure AD is Microsoft's cloud-based identity and access management service, which helps employees sign in and access resources.

17. How is the Azure free account different from the Pay-As-You-Go account?

- Answer: The Azure free account includes certain free services and $200 credit for the first 30 days, while the Pay-As-You-Go account charges users based on resource consumption.

18. Define the Azure App Service.

- Answer: Azure App Service is a platform for building, deploying, and scaling web applications and services.

19. What are Azure Logic Apps?

- Answer: Azure Logic Apps is a service that helps automate workflows across various applications and services.

20. What is the purpose of Azure Key Vault?

- Answer: Azure Key Vault is a service for securely managing keys, secrets, and certificates.

21. Define Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS).

- Answer: AKS is a managed Kubernetes service that streamlines deploying, managing, and scaling containerized applications using Kubernetes.

22. What are the Azure management tools?

- Answer: They include the Azure Portal, Azure PowerShell, Azure CLI, and Azure Mobile App.

23. What is the Azure Marketplace?

- Answer: Azure Marketplace is an online store for buying and selling finished software-as-a-service (SaaS) applications and premium datasets.

24. Explain Azure DevOps.

- Answer: Azure DevOps is a set of development tools and services offering collaboration and production tools for software development.

25. What are Azure Policies?

- Answer: Azure Policies are default rules that enforce specific requirements, ensuring resources in Azure adhere to corporate standards and service level agreements.

26. What is Azure Site Recovery?

- Answer: It's a service that ensures business continuity by keeping business apps and workloads running during outages.

27. Explain the Azure Content Delivery Network (CDN).

- Answer: Azure CDN is a distributed network of servers that can efficiently deliver web content to users.

28. What is the Azure Virtual Network (VNet)?

- Answer: VNet is a representational network within Azure that allows resources like VMs to securely communicate with each other.

29. Describe Azure Load Balancer.

- Answer: Azure Load Balancer is a service that distributes incoming internet traffic across virtual machines.

30. What is Azure Backup?

- Answer: Azure Backup is a service that provides backup solutions for data on-premises and in the cloud.

31. How does Azure pricing work?

- Answer: Azure pricing is based on what you use. Different services have different pricing models, such as compute resources billed per second or storage billed per gigabyte.

32. What is Azure Monitor?

- Answer: Azure Monitor is a service that provides full-stack monitoring, advanced analytics, and intelligent automation for all Azure resources.

33. What is an Azure Subscription?

- Answer: An Azure subscription is a logical unit of Azure services that is linked to an account. Billing is done per subscription.

34. How does Azure ensure data redundancy?

- Answer: Azure offers various data replication strategies like Locally Redundant Storage (LRS), Geo-Redundant Storage (GRS), and Zone-Redundant Storage (ZRS) to ensure data availability and durability.

35. Define Azure Traffic Manager.

- Answer: Azure Traffic Manager is a DNS-based traffic load balancer that allows users to distribute traffic optimally to services across global Azure regions.

36. What are Azure Reserved Virtual Machine Instances (Reserved VM Instances)?

- Answer: They are advanced purchases in one or three-year terms in specified regions, which can reduce the costs as compared to pay-as-you-go pricing.

37. How is Azure different from AWS?

- Answer: Both are cloud service providers, but they have different pricing models, service offerings, and integration capabilities. The best choice depends on specific project requirements.

38. What is the Azure Advisor?

- Answer: Azure Advisor is a personalized cloud consultant that helps users follow best practices to optimize Azure deployments.

39. Explain Azure Event Hub.

- Answer: Azure Event Hub is a big data streaming platform and event ingestion service which can receive and process millions of events per second.

40. What is Azure SQL Database?

- Answer: Azure SQL Database is a relational database service in the Microsoft cloud based on the SQL Server database engine.

41. Describe the Azure Resource Manager template.

- Answer: It's a JSON file that defines one or more resources to deploy to a resource group or subscription.

42. How can you secure data in Azure?

- Answer: Through a combination of Azure security features like Azure Security Center, Network Security Groups, Azure Identity and Access Management, and encryption mechanisms.

43. What is Azure Redis Cache?

- Answer: Azure Redis Cache is based on the popular software Redis and provides an in-memory data structure store.

44. Define Azure Databricks.

- Answer: Azure Databricks is an Apache Spark-based analytics platform optimized for Azure, designed to set up complex ETL, analytics, and machine learning workflows.

45. What is Azure Service Fabric?

- Answer: It's a distributed systems platform that facilitates the packaging, deployment, and management of scalable and reliable microservices.

46. How does Azure support Internet of Things (IoT)?

- Answer: Azure offers IoT Hub, which allows users to connect, monitor, and manage billions of IoT assets.

47. Describe Azure Logic Apps' role in integration?

- Answer: Azure Logic Apps provides a way to automate workflows and business processes by integrating various services, on-premises systems, and data across cloud environments.

48. What is Azure's approach to serverless computing?

- Answer: Azure supports serverless computing through Azure Functions, allowing users to run small pieces of code without the need to manage the underlying infrastructure.

49. Define Azure ExpressRoute.

- Answer: Azure ExpressRoute is a service that allows organizations to create private connections between Azure datacenters and on-premises infrastructure.

50. How does Azure support containerization?

- Answer: Azure provides several services for containers, such as Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS), Azure Container Instances, and Azure Container Registry.

51. What is Azure's approach to machine learning?

- Answer: Azure offers Azure Machine Learning, a service that provides a suite of tools to build, train, and deploy machine learning models.

52. What are Azure Spot Virtual Machines (VMs)?

- Answer: Azure Spot VMs allow users to take advantage of unused Azure capacity at a discount. They can be evicted if resources are in demand.

53. What is Azure Batch?

- Answer: Azure Batch allows for parallel and high-performance computing applications to scale out with tens, hundreds, or thousands of VMs.

54. Define the Azure Virtual WAN.

- Answer: Azure Virtual WAN is a networking service providing optimized and automated branch-to-branch connectivity through Azure.

55. What is the Azure Data Factory?

- Answer: Azure Data Factory is a cloud-based data integration service that orchestrates and automates the movement and transformation of data.

56. How does Azure ensure compliance with various regulations?

- Answer: Azure has numerous compliance certifications, such as GDPR, ISO 27001, and HIPAA. They also provide tools like Azure Policy and Blueprints to assist with compliance.

57. Define Azure Information Protection.

- Answer: It's a cloud-based solution that helps organizations classify and protect documents and emails through labels and policies.

58. What is Azure Blockchain Service?

- Answer: This is a fully-managed blockchain service that simplifies the formation, management, and governance of consortium blockchain networks.

59. How can you monitor the performance and health of apps in Azure?

- Answer: Using Azure Monitor and Azure Application Insights to collect, analyze, and act on telemetry data from applications.

60. What are managed disks in Azure?

- Answer: Azure Managed Disks are block-level storage volumes managed by Azure and used with Azure Virtual Machines.

61. Describe the Azure Data Lake.

- Answer: Azure Data Lake is a scalable and secure data lake that allows for running big data analytics and provides massively parallel processing support.

62. What is Azure DevTest Labs?

- Answer: Azure DevTest Labs allows developers and testers to create environments in Azure while minimizing waste and controlling costs.

63. Define Azure Virtual Desktop.

- Answer: Azure Virtual Desktop (formerly Windows Virtual Desktop) is a desktop and app virtualization service running in Azure.

64. What is Azure Sentinel?

- Answer: Azure Sentinel is a scalable, cloud-native, security information event management (SIEM) and security orchestration automated response (SOAR) solution.

65. What is the purpose of Azure Blueprints?

- Answer: Azure Blueprints helps automate the process of setting up new environments, ensuring compliance and security standards.

66. How does Azure support hybrid environments?

- Answer: Through services like Azure Arc, Azure Stack, Azure Site Recovery, and Azure Virtual Network, which allow integration of on-premises data centers with Azure resources.

67. What are Azure Private Endpoints?

- Answer: Azure Private Endpoints are network interfaces within an Azure VNet that provides secure and direct access to Azure services.

68. Describe Azure's multi-factor authentication.

- Answer: It's a security feature that requires two or more verification methods: a password, a security token, or a biometric verification.

69. What is the difference between Azure AD B2B and B2C?

- Answer: Azure AD B2B (Business-to-Business) is about external collaboration while Azure AD B2C (Business-to-Consumer) is focused on providing identity services for consumer-facing applications.

70. Explain the Azure Service Health dashboard.

- Answer: It provides a personalized view of the health of the Azure services, regions, and resources that you use.

71. What is Azure Front Door?

- Answer: Azure Front Door is a service that provides scalable and secure entry points for fast delivery of your global web applications.

72. What is Azure Lighthouse?

- Answer: Azure Lighthouse provides capabilities for cross-customer management, enabling more efficient and scalable management across several Azure deployments.

73. Describe the Azure Cost Management and Billing service.

- Answer: This service provides tools to monitor, allocate, and optimize Azure resource costs, and to predict and assess future costs.

74. What are Azure Tags?

- Answer: Tags are name-value pairs that enable you to categorize resources and view consolidated billing by applying the same tag to multiple resources.

75. What is the Azure Well-Architected Framework?

- Answer: It is a set of guiding principles for building solutions on Azure, which includes best practices, documentation, and tools.

76. What are the different types of Azure Storage accounts?

- Answer: They include General-purpose v1, General-purpose v2, BlockBlobStorage, FileStorage, and BlobStorage.

77. How does Azure support NoSQL databases?

- Answer: Azure provides Cosmos DB, a globally distributed, multi-model database service for NoSQL data.

78. What is Azure Media Services?

- Answer: Azure Media Services is a cloud-based platform that provides tools for building scalable media management and delivery applications.

79. What is Azure IoT Central?

- Answer: It's a fully managed global IoT SaaS (software-as-a-service) solution that makes it easy to connect, monitor, and manage IoT assets at scale.

80. Define Azure Time Series Insights.

- Answer: Azure Time Series Insights is an analytics, visualization, and storage service for time series data.

81. What is Azure Policy?

- Answer: Azure Policy is a service in Azure that you use to create, assign, and manage policies.

82. What is Azure Active Directory B2C?

- Answer: Azure AD B2C (Business to Consumer) is an identity management service that enables customization and control over how customers sign up, sign in, and manage their profiles when using an application.

83. What is Azure Active Directory Domain Services (Azure AD DS)?

- Answer: Azure AD DS provides managed domain services like domain join, group policy, and authentication into an Azure Virtual Network.

84. How is Azure Resource Manager beneficial?

- Answer: Azure Resource Manager provides a consistent management layer for tasks such as deployment, management, and monitoring. It allows for template-based deployment and grouping of related resources.

85. What is Azure Functions?

- Answer: Azure Functions is a serverless compute service that allows you to run event-driven code without having to manage infrastructure.

86. How can Azure be integrated with on-premises Active Directory?

- Answer: This can be achieved using Azure AD Connect, which allows for synchronization and even provides features like hybrid join and password writeback.

87. Describe the Azure Marketplace.

- Answer: Azure Marketplace is an online store that offers applications and services either built on or designed to integrate with Microsoft's Azure public cloud.

88. What is the purpose of the Azure Service Level Agreement (SLA)?

- Answer: The Azure SLA describes Microsoft's commitments regarding service uptime, connectivity, and performance for Azure services.

89. What is Azure Data Explorer?

- Answer: Azure Data Explorer is a fast and scalable data exploration service for logging and telemetry data.

90. Describe the Azure Hybrid Benefit.

- Answer: Azure Hybrid Benefit allows customers to use their on-premises Windows Server or SQL Server licenses with Software Assurance to run Windows virtual machines on Azure at a reduced cost.

91. What is Azure Spot VM?

- Answer: Azure Spot VM allows users to use unutilized Azure compute capacity at deep discounts. Spot VMs can be evicted at any time if Azure needs the capacity.

92. How can one manage and govern multiple Azure subscriptions?

- Answer: Management Groups and Hierarchies in Azure can be used to manage multiple subscriptions. Policies and RBAC can be applied at a management group level to govern the resources.

93. What are Azure Logic Apps?

- Answer: Azure Logic Apps is a service that allows you to automate workflows and business processes by integrating various Azure and third-party services.

94. What is Azure Event Grid?

- Answer: Azure Event Grid is a fully managed event routing service that allows for uniform event consumption using a publish-subscribe model.

95. Describe Azure VPN Gateway.

- Answer: Azure VPN Gateway connects on-premises networks to Azure through Site-to-Site VPNs, similarly, it allows end users to connect to Azure using point-to-site VPNs.

96. What is Azure Blob Storage?

- Answer: Azure Blob Storage is Microsoft's object storage solution for the cloud, designed for storing unstructured data.

97. What is the role of an Azure Availability Set?

- Answer: An Availability Set ensures that VM resources are spread across multiple isolated hardware nodes in a cluster. It helps in ensuring high availability and redundancy.

98. What is Azure Bastion?

- Answer: Azure Bastion provides seamless and secure RDP and SSH connectivity to virtual machines directly in the Azure portal.

99. Describe the Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2.

- Answer: Azure Data Lake Storage Gen2 is a large-scale data lake solution for big data analytics. It enhances Azure Blob Storage capabilities with additional features such as hierarchical file system.

100. How does Azure charge for virtual machines?

- Answer: VMs are typically billed per second or minute based on their compute size and the image type (OS/license). Other costs include storage and network data egress.

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