Market and Economic Summary

Global markets continued their downward trend this month, posting another negative performance. Global equity markets recorded their third consecutive negative return this month, as sentiment toward risk assets waned. The “higher for longer” theme continued to dominate in October, as strong economic data, and upside risks to inflation continued to signal to market participants that interest rates may stay higher for longer. Inflation concerns were further exacerbated by the continued conflict in the Middle East. Given the risk of the environment, safe haven assets such as gold and the US dollar strengthened this month, as investors sought refuge in a particularly volatile environment. The risk-off environment did not spare US bonds, as yields continued upwards, recording their sixth consecutive month of increases, leading prices lower.

While most developed market policymakers concluded their meetings in September, the European Central Bank (ECB) held its meeting in October and followed most central banks by keeping interest rates at multi-year highs. This decision not to hike interest rates marked a shift from its 15-month streak of rate hikes and indicated a more cautious "wait-and-see" stance among policymakers. The central bank mentioned that it is determined to ensure inflation returns to its 2% target over the medium term, saying it will maintain interest rates at these elevated levels for a sufficiently extended period until it achieves that objective. As we head into November, where there are a few developed market central bank meetings, all eyes will be on the key decision-makers as they grapple with inflation and robust economic data.

Developed market inflation numbers largely remained at similar levels to the prior month, fueling concerns of inflation remaining “higher for longer”. The annual inflation rate in the US remained at 3.7% (year-on-year to the end of September) from 3.7% in August and above market forecasts of 3.6%. The core inflation rate, however, slowed for the sixth month to 4.1% (year-on-year to the end of September), as key drivers such as shelter, and services continued to decline. China's consumer prices remained unchanged in September, below market forecasts of 0.2%. The latest data indicated persistent deflationary pressures in the world's second-largest economy, raising concerns about the sustainability of the economic recovery due to decreased demand. The inflation rate in the euro area declined to 2.9% (year-on-year to the end of September), reaching its lowest level since July 2021 and falling below the market consensus of 3.1%. Consumer price inflation in the United Kingdom remained at 6.7% (year-on-year to the end of September), from 6.7% in the previous month, below the market consensus of 6.8%.

Turning to other key economic data releases this month. The US continued to produce robust economic data in October, leading to concerns of further leeway for the US Federal Reserve to leave borrowing costs at restrictive levels for a prolonged period. The US economy expanded 4.9% (year-on-year in the third quarter of 2023), above market forecasts of 4.3%. The labor market in the US continues to remain tight, with the unemployment rate at 3.8% in September of 2023, slightly above market expectations of 3.7%. Retail sales in the US advanced 0.7% (month on month in September), beating forecasts of a 0.3% advance. The data continues to point to robust consumer spending despite high prices and borrowing costs.

South African asset classes followed global peers lower this month, as local equities came under pressure. South African equities were not spared in the global sell-off and reported a negative return for the month, broadly in line with the emerging market complex. South African bonds defied the global trend and posted a positive return this month and were one of the few local asset classes to end the month in positive territory. The rand strengthened this month, despite a broadly stronger US dollar.

The weakness in South African equities was broad-based, as all sectors produced negative returns. Industrials were the largest laggard as index heavyweight MTN (-19.4%) fell on weak results and concerns around exposure to Nigeria. Further to that, certain rand hedges including Richemont (-3.9%), Prosus (-5.4%), and British American Tobacco (-5.5%) fell on the back of a firmer rand and generally weak global equity markets. Financials produced a negative return this month, however, the return was largely ahead of the broader market weakness. After a robust month in September, Resources produced a significantly weaker October performance, on the back of weakness in platinum and diversified miners. On the other hand, gold counters such as Harmony (+22.7%), Gold Fields (+21.0%), and AngloGold (+13.1%) produced robust returns this month as the gold price moved higher (+6.8%).

Local bonds ended the month higher, as the yield curve bull steepened, with short-term yields falling faster than longer-term yields. The strength in the SA bond market suggests that investors are becoming more comfortable that the market is pricing in much of the bad news associated with the fiscal outlook.

Local listed property produced a negative performance this month, however, the performance was ahead of the SA equity market. The prevailing risk-off sentiment, coupled with a large decline in the index heavyweights Nepi Rockcastle (-2.8%) and Growthpoint (-1.4%) led the sector lower.

South Africa's annual inflation rate moved sharply higher to 5.4% (year-on-year to the end of September), above market estimates, with the increase in the fuel price being the largest contributor. The annual core inflation, which excludes prices of food, non-alcoholic beverages, fuel and energy, eased to a 13-month low of 4.5% (year-on-year in September 2023), below market forecasts of 4.7%. The sharp increase in headline inflation was largely on the back of the increased fuel price, however, given the recent oil price movements (and subsequent petrol price cuts expected for November), all eyes will be on the next inflation print.

The South African Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SACCI) business confidence index fell marginally to 108.2 in September 2023, compared to the August figure of 108.6. Factors such as energy supply constraints and inflation negatively affected sentiment, whereas foreign business-related elements had a positive influence. According to SACCI “the current business climate is not conducive to stimulating overall economic activity”.

Most of the major developed equity markets ended the month lower this month. The MSCI World Index delivered a return of -2.9%, which was ahead of emerging market peers.

Most emerging equity markets moved lower during the month, on the back of waning appetite for risk assets. The MSCI Emerging Markets Index ended the month -3.9% lower in October.

All major global equity markets produced negative returns in October. The UK’s FTSE 100 (-4.3%), Germany’s FSE DAX (-3.9%), Japan’s Nikkei 225 (-4.6%) and China’s Shanghai SE Composite (-3.1%) ended the month in negative territory.

US equities moved lower in October, following global peers. The tech-heavy NASDAQ 100 (-2.0%) posted a negative performance as mega-cap technology stocks came under pressure, however, on a year-to-date basis the performance is still very strong. The S&P 500 (-2.1%) also ended the month lower, as most sectors ended in negative territory.

From a portfolio perspective, investors struggled to generate meaningful performance in a particularly weak environment during the month of October. Negative global sentiment towards risk assets pushed South African equities lower this month. On the other hand, the strong local bond market provided a buffer to the local and global market weakness. Global equity markets generated weak hard currency returns this month, on the back of negative sentiment towards risk assets. Rand's strength acted as a further headwind to the performance of global allocations, as the local unit was firmer against most of the major crosses during the month.

After the volatile and particularly weak moves of October, we are reminded that economic events such as possible recessions, geopolitical tensions, and the uncertainties that come with them bring out behavioral biases and focus investors on the short term. Moreover, it reinforces the need for robustness and diversification in portfolios. Specifically, we continue to seek exposure to assets that offer strong forward-looking prospects, while balancing risks with defensive exposures.

We remain comfortable with the current positioning of client portfolios, both from an asset allocation and a manager selection perspective. We will continue to follow our valuation-driven approach by allocating assets to the most attractive areas of the market from a reward-for-risk perspective and ensure we build robust portfolios. We are confident that we will continue to deliver on the specific investment objectives of each client portfolio independent of the prevailing market environment.