Many Questions
Ardhendu Kumar Bose
Head of Strategy (Digital) : #ardhendukumarbose Imaginative Innovator, Implementer and Guarantor of targeted profits
How the New Liberal economic policy can address issues of inequality and social justice ?
The New Liberal economic policy typically argues that deregulation and privatization will lead to greater economic efficiency, which will benefit society as a whole through increased economic growth and job creation. Proponents of this policy also argue that the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few is not inherently problematic, as long as those individuals and corporations create wealth and contribute to the economy.
However, critics of the New Liberal economic policy argue that this emphasis on economic efficiency overlooks the social costs of inequality and may exacerbate existing disparities. They argue that the concentration of wealth and power can lead to a lack of competition and increased economic and political influence for the few, while leaving many others struggling to make ends meet.
To address these concerns, proponents of the New Liberal economic policy often suggest that social safety nets and progressive taxation can help mitigate the negative effects of inequality. However, critics argue that such measures may not be sufficient to address the underlying causes of inequality, and may even be undermined by the concentration of power and influence in the hands of the few.
Ultimately, the question of how the New Liberal economic policy can address issues of inequality and social justice is a complex and contested one. While proponents argue that deregulation and privatization can benefit society as a whole, critics point to the potential negative consequences for marginalized communities and call for a more nuanced approach that takes into account the social costs of inequality.
What is a powerful idea that can mitigate the ill effects of concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few, exacerbating existing disparities and perpetuating economic misery.
One powerful idea that can mitigate the ill effects of concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few and address existing disparities is to implement policies that promote greater economic democracy, such as employee ownership and co-operative structures.
Under this approach, workers would have a greater say in the management and ownership of companies, with ownership potentially being shared more widely through mechanisms such as employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs) or worker cooperatives. This can help to reduce the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few by giving workers a greater stake in the success of their companies and promoting a more equitable distribution of wealth.
By giving workers a say in the management of their companies, this approach can also promote greater accountability and transparency, reducing the risk of abuses of power or economic exploitation. Additionally, it can help to address issues of income inequality and economic insecurity by providing workers with a more stable source of income and greater job security.
Overall, implementing policies that promote greater economic democracy can help to mitigate the negative effects of concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a few, and contribute to a more equitable and sustainable economic system.
How to prevent democracies from becoming fascist states?
Preventing democracies from becoming fascist states requires constant vigilance and action from both individuals and institutions. Here are some ideas on how to prevent this from happening:
In summary, preventing democracies from becoming fascist states requires a collective effort to protect and strengthen democratic institutions, promote civic education, foster an engaged and informed citizenry, combat disinformation and propaganda, build coalitions, and hold leaders accountable for their actions.
Is India becoming a fascist state?
One cannot make political judgements or assessments of countries' political systems or situations. Determining whether a country is becoming a fascist state is a complex and nuanced matter that requires careful analysis of the political, economic, social, and cultural factors at play in that country. It is best to consult multiple credible sources, including experts and scholars, and to rely on accurate and up-to-date information to make informed judgments. It is also essential to respect diverse perspectives and opinions and to engage in constructive dialogue and debate.
How free is Indian Press?
The Indian constitution guarantees freedom of speech and expression, which includes freedom of the press. However, the degree of freedom enjoyed by the Indian press is influenced by a variety of factors, including government policies, economic conditions, and social and cultural norms.
India has a diverse media landscape, with numerous print, broadcast, and digital news outlets. The country also has a long tradition of independent journalism and investigative reporting, and the press has played an essential role in exposing corruption, human rights abuses, and other issues of public interest.
However, there have been instances of government censorship, intimidation of journalists, and attacks on the press in India. The government has used laws such as the sedition law and defamation laws to stifle dissent and criticism, and there have been reports of journalists facing harassment, threats, and physical violence for their reporting.
In addition, the Indian media industry is heavily influenced by corporate ownership, and this has led to concerns about the impact of commercial interests on journalistic independence and editorial freedom. Some media outlets have been accused of biased reporting or sensationalism, and there have been instances of fake news and disinformation being circulated through social media.
In summary, the Indian press operates in a complex and challenging environment, with a mix of both opportunities and constraints on its freedom. While the country has a vibrant and diverse media landscape, there are also concerns about government censorship, attacks on journalists, and the influence of commercial interests on editorial independence.
Why Bengal is the bastion of Indian Science?
Bengal, a region located in eastern India and Bangladesh, has a long and rich tradition in science and technology, dating back to ancient times. Bengal's contributions to science are diverse, spanning fields such as mathematics, astronomy, medicine, chemistry, and biology.
One of the key factors contributing to Bengal's prominence in science is the presence of several renowned educational institutions and research centres in the region, such as the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Bose Institute, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta and Jadavpur Universities. These institutions have produced numerous scientists, scholars, and researchers who have made significant contributions to the advancement of science and technology.
In addition, Bengal has a strong intellectual and cultural heritage, which has fostered a culture of scientific inquiry and experimentation. The region has been home to many prominent scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers, such as Jagadish Chandra Bose, Satyendra Nath Bose, C V Raman, and Rabindranath Tagore and many more who have contributed significantly to the development of science and literature.
Furthermore, Bengal has a history of political and social activism, which has contributed to the growth of scientific research and innovation. For example, during the colonial period, Bengal played a key role in the Indian independence movement, and many scientists and scholars were involved in political and social activism. This spirit of activism and social engagement has continued to shape the region's scientific culture, with many scientists and researchers working on issues related to social and environmental justice.
Overall, Bengal's long-standing commitment to science, coupled with its strong educational and research institutions, intellectual and cultural heritage, and tradition of political and social activism, has made it a bastion of Indian science, and a key contributor to the advancement of science and technology globally.
Why Calcutta University got adjudged as the best Indian State university?
Calcutta University is one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in India, established in 1857. It has a rich academic and research tradition and has produced several eminent scholars, scientists, and intellectuals over the years. The university has consistently ranked among the top state universities in India, and in recent years, it has been recognised as the best state university in the country for various reasons:
Overall, Calcutta University's academic excellence, research and innovation, strong alumni network, and social and environmental engagement have contributed to its recognition as the best state university in India.
Is Sanskrit language suitable foe computer programming?
Sanskrit, an ancient and classical language of India, has a rich and complex grammar and syntax, making it a suitable candidate for computer programming in theory. However, Sanskrit is not currently used as a mainstream programming language, and there are several practical challenges that need to be overcome before it can be used effectively for programming.
One of the main challenges in using Sanskrit for programming is the lack of a standardisation of the language. While there are several Sanskrit dictionaries and grammars available, there is no widely accepted standard for the language, which could make it difficult to develop a consistent and reliable programming language.
Another challenge is the lack of support for Sanskrit in modern computing systems. While there are several tools and software available for processing Sanskrit text, they are not optimised for programming and would require significant modifications and upgrades to support programming.
Furthermore, the availability of skilled programmers and developers who are proficient in both Sanskrit and computer programming could also be a challenge, as Sanskrit is not widely taught as a programming language and requires specialised knowledge.
In summary, while Sanskrit has the potential to be a suitable language for computer programming, several practical challenges need to be addressed before it can be used effectively in practice. Currently, other programming languages such as Java, Python, and C++ are widely used for computer programming due to their standardisation, compatibility with modern computing systems, and availability of skilled programmers.
Is Rig Veda more than thousand years old since it mentions Saraswati River which had dried up 10 thousand years ago?
The age of the Rig Veda, one of the oldest and most important texts of ancient India, is a matter of debate among scholars. While there is no consensus on the exact age of the Rig Veda, most scholars agree that it was composed between 1500 and 1200 BCE, making it at least 3,200 years old.
The mention of the Saraswati River in the Rig Veda has been the subject of much debate among scholars. While some scholars believe that the Saraswati River mentioned in the Rig Veda refers to a river that existed during the Vedic period (1500-500 BCE), others argue that it refers to a river that dried up much earlier, around 4000-5000 BCE.
Recent geological and archaeological studies have provided evidence that the Saraswati River did exist during the Vedic period and may have been a major river system in northwest India. However, the exact timeline of the river's existence and the reason for its eventual disappearance are still the subject of ongoing research and debate.
In summary, while the exact age of the Rig Veda is debated among scholars, most agree that it is at least 3,200 years old. The mention of the Saraswati River in the Rig Veda has been the subject of debate, but recent studies suggest that it did exist during the Vedic period.
Which is oldest known text of the world?
The oldest known text in the world is the Sumerian Kesh Temple Hymn, which was written in cuneiform script on a clay tablet around 2600 BCE in ancient Sumer (modern-day Iraq). The Kesh Temple Hymn is a religious hymn dedicated to the goddess Inanna and is considered one of the earliest surviving examples of written literature.
Other ancient texts that are among the oldest known include the Egyptian Pyramid Texts, which date back to around 2400 BCE and contain religious spells and incantations, and the Gilgamesh Epic, which is an epic poem from ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) that dates back to around 2100 BCE.
It's worth noting that the age of the oldest known text is constantly being re-evaluated as new discoveries are made and new methods of dating and interpreting ancient texts are developed. Therefore, the answer to this question may change in the future as new discoveries are made.
Can Saraswati River be revived?
The Saraswati River is a river that played a significant role in ancient Indian history and culture, but it has been largely dried up for thousands of years. While there have been several proposals and efforts to revive the river in recent years, the feasibility of such a project is a matter of debate among scientists and experts.
One of the main challenges in reviving the Saraswati River is the lack of reliable data on the river's course and the extent of its original flow. The river has been largely dry for thousands of years, and its original course has been altered by geological and climatic changes over time. Therefore, it is difficult to determine where the river would flow and how much water it would carry if it were to be revived.
Another challenge is the availability of water resources to support the river's flow. The region where the Saraswati River once flowed is arid and water-scarce, and there are concerns that diverting water from other sources to revive the river could have negative environmental and social impacts.
Furthermore, there are also concerns that attempts to revive the river could be motivated more by cultural and political factors than by environmental and scientific considerations.
In summary, while there have been several proposals and efforts to revive the Saraswati River in recent years, the feasibility and practicality of such a project are a matter of debate among experts. The success of any such project would depend on several factors, including the availability of water resources, the accuracy of data on the river's original course, and the environmental and social impacts of the project.
Can Thar desert be turned into a green land ?
Turning the Thar desert, which is one of the most arid regions in the world, into a green land would be a major challenge, but it is not impossible. There have been some successful efforts to increase vegetation cover and restore degraded land in the region through a combination of conservation and land restoration measures.
One of the main strategies for restoring degraded land in the Thar desert is to promote the growth of native plant species that are well-adapted to the harsh desert conditions. This can be achieved through measures such as planting native tree species, establishing grasslands, and promoting the growth of shrubs and other vegetation.
Another approach is to improve soil quality through techniques such as soil conservation, organic farming, and the use of compost and other soil amendments. This can help to increase soil fertility, reduce erosion, and promote the growth of vegetation.
In addition, water management is also critical for restoring degraded land in the Thar desert. This can be achieved through measures such as rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge, and the use of drip irrigation and other efficient irrigation techniques.
Overall, restoring degraded land and increasing vegetation cover in the Thar desert is a long-term and challenging process that requires a combination of conservation, land restoration, and water management measures. However, with the right strategies and sufficient resources, it is possible to turn the Thar desert into a green land that supports biodiversity and provides ecosystem services to local communities.
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Has Rajasthan been turned into a desert due to an ancient nuclear war?
There is no scientific evidence to support the claim that Rajasthan was turned into a desert due to an ancient nuclear war. The idea that an ancient nuclear war took place in the region is a conspiracy theory that has been promoted by some fringe groups and individuals.
The idea of an ancient nuclear war in Rajasthan is based on a misinterpretation of ancient Indian texts such as the Mahabharata and the Ramayana. Proponents of this theory claim that the descriptions of weapons used in these texts, such as the brahmastra, are evidence of a nuclear war.
However, mainstream scholars and scientists have dismissed these claims as unfounded and unscientific. The descriptions of weapons in ancient Indian texts are often metaphorical or symbolic and should not be taken literally. There is no evidence to suggest that nuclear technology existed in ancient India or that a nuclear war took place in the region.
The desertification of Rajasthan is a result of a complex set of environmental and climatic factors, including low rainfall, high temperatures, and human activities such as deforestation and overgrazing. It is not the result of an ancient nuclear war.
Is Rama real or imaginary?
Rama is a legendary figure in Hindu mythology and is widely considered to be a divine or semi-divine figure by Hindus. Whether Rama is a real historical figure or a purely mythical character is a matter of debate among scholars and historians.
There is no conclusive historical or archaeological evidence to support the claim that Rama was a real historical figure. The stories of Rama are mainly recorded in ancient Indian epics such as the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, which were composed several centuries or even millennia after the events they describe are said to have taken place.
Some scholars believe that Rama and other figures in Hindu mythology are based on real historical figures who may have lived centuries or even millennia ago, but that the stories about them have been embellished and mythologised over time. Others believe that Rama and other figures in Hindu mythology are purely mythical and symbolic, representing different aspects of the human psyche and the human relationship with the divine.
Ultimately, the question of whether Rama is real or imaginary is a matter of belief and interpretation, and different people and communities may have different views on the matter.
Has the movie Avatar drawn its inspiration from Mahabharata's Krishna?
There is no direct evidence to suggest that the movie Avatar drew its inspiration from Mahabharata's Krishna. However, there are some similarities between the two characters that have been noted by some scholars and viewers.
Both Krishna and the character of Jake Sully in Avatar are seen as saviors who come to the aid of a group of oppressed people. They are also both seen as charismatic and powerful leaders who inspire their followers to fight against injustice and oppression.
Krishna is a central figure in the Mahabharata, one of the major Hindu epics, and is considered to be a divine or semi-divine figure by Hindus. He is known for his wisdom, his ability to guide his followers through difficult situations, and his role as a charioteer and adviser to the warrior Arjuna.
Avatar, on the other hand, is a science fiction movie directed by James Cameron that tells the story of a disabled marine who is sent to a distant planet called Pandora, where he becomes involved in a conflict between humans and the native Na'vi people.
While there are some similarities between Krishna and the character of Jake Sully in Avatar, it is important to note that the two characters are from very different cultural and historical contexts. The creators of Avatar have not stated that they drew direct inspiration from the character of Krishna or from Hindu mythology, and it is possible that any similarities between the two are coincidental or based on other sources of inspiration.
Was Krishna an Avatar of an alien?
There is no credible evidence to support the claim that Krishna was an avatar of an alien. The idea that ancient Hindu gods and goddesses were actually extraterrestrial beings or advanced aliens is a modern concept that has been promoted by some fringe groups and individuals, but it is not supported by mainstream scholarship or scientific evidence.
Krishna is a central figure in Hindu mythology and is widely considered to be a divine or semi-divine figure by Hindus. He is known for his wisdom, his ability to guide his followers through difficult situations, and his role as a charioteer and adviser to the warrior Arjuna in the Mahabharata, one of the major Hindu epics.
While there are many interpretations of the stories of Krishna and other Hindu gods and goddesses, including allegorical and symbolic interpretations, the idea that these figures were actually aliens is not supported by historical, archaeological, or scientific evidence. The stories of Krishna and other Hindu deities are part of a rich cultural and spiritual tradition that has evolved over thousands of years, and they should be understood in their proper cultural and historical context.
What is meant by Avatar in Sanskrit?
The word "Avatar" comes from the Sanskrit language and is composed of two words: "ava", which means "down" or "descend", and "tara", which means "crossing over". Together, these words suggest a crossing over from a higher plane to a lower one, or a descent of a divine being to the mortal realm.
In Hinduism, an Avatar refers to a deity or divine being who descends from the heavens to take on a physical form on Earth. The Avatar is believed to come to Earth to restore balance and harmony, to defeat evil, and to protect the virtuous. The most famous avatars in Hinduism are Lord Vishnu's ten avatars, which include Rama and Krishna.
The concept of Avatar is also found in other Indian religions such as Buddhism and Jainism, as well as in other cultures around the world. The idea of a divine being taking on human form in order to interact with mortals is a common theme in mythology and religion.
In Bhagwad Gita Krishna is always refereed to as Bhagwan meaning God and Arjuna as Partha meaning Terrestrial Man, does it mean that Krishna was God?
In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna is referred to as Bhagavan, which is a term used to refer to a divine being or an incarnation of God in Hinduism. The term is often translated as "God" or "Lord". However, the meaning of the term is nuanced and can also refer to a person who has achieved spiritual realisation or enlightenment.
Krishna is considered to be an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. As an Avatar of Lord Vishnu, Krishna is considered to be a divine being who took on human form to fulfil a specific purpose, which in the case of the Bhagavad Gita was to guide and instruct Arjuna on the path of righteousness.
Arjuna, on the other hand, is referred to as Partha, which is a term that means "son of Pritha" his mother Kunti's another name. The term Partha is used to emphasise Arjuna's human, mortal status, as opposed to Krishna's divine status.
So, while the Bhagavad Gita does refer to Lord Krishna as Bhagavan, it is not necessarily implying that he is the ultimate and only God. Rather, it is acknowledging his divine status as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu, and his role in guiding and instructing Arjuna towards enlightenment.
Is Sanskrit a language gifted to humanity by the aliens from an advanced civilisation?
There is no scientific or historical evidence to support the claim that Sanskrit is a language gifted to humanity by aliens from an advanced civilisation. This claim is not supported by any mainstream scholars, linguists, or scientists.
Sanskrit is an ancient Indo-Aryan language that originated in the Indian subcontinent and is considered to be one of the oldest recorded languages in the world. It has a rich literary tradition and has been used in many important works of Hindu philosophy, science, and literature. The origins of the language are believed to be natural and not the result of an extraterrestrial intervention.
While there is much that remains unknown about the history and origins of Sanskrit, there is no evidence to support the idea that it was gifted to humanity by aliens. The development of language is a complex and gradual process that occurs over long periods of time, and there are many factors that contribute to the development of a language, such as cultural and historical influences, geography, and migration patterns.
Is Tamil the oldest language in the world?
Tamil is one of the oldest living languages in the world, with a literary tradition that dates back over two thousand years. It is one of the classical languages of India and has a rich cultural heritage.
However, it is difficult to determine which language is the "oldest" in the world because the origins of many languages are shrouded in mystery and there is often limited evidence to support claims about the age of a particular language. Additionally, the concept of a "language" as we understand it today is a modern construct, and the ways in which we classify and define languages have changed over time.
There are other ancient languages, such as Sanskrit, Sumerian, and Egyptian, that also have long literary traditions and can be considered some of the oldest languages in the world. Ultimately, the question of which language is the oldest is difficult to answer definitively, and it may be more useful to focus on the unique cultural and linguistic heritage of each language rather than trying to rank them based on age.
Did Tamil Sangam happen 20000 years ago?
No, it is highly unlikely that the Tamil Sangam happened 20,000 years ago. While the exact date of the Tamil Sangam is a matter of debate among scholars, most estimates place it between the 3rd century BCE and the 4th century CE. This period saw the development of a rich literary tradition in Tamil, and the Tamil Sangam was a gathering of poets, scholars, and intellectuals who contributed to this tradition.
The claim that the Tamil Sangam happened 20,000 years ago is not supported by any credible historical or archaeological evidence. The human civilisation of that era was in a primitive state and it is highly unlikely that they had the knowledge or resources to develop a sophisticated literary tradition like the Tamil Sangam.
It is important to rely on evidence-based research and historical facts to understand the development and evolution of languages and civilisations, rather than basing our beliefs on unfounded claims or legends.
How old is ancient Dwarka?
The exact age of the ancient city of Dwarka is a matter of debate among scholars, but most estimates place its origins between 3000 BCE to 1500 BCE. The city is believed to have been the capital of Lord Krishna's kingdom and is mentioned in various Hindu texts and scriptures, including the Mahabharata, the Puranas, and the Harivamsa.
Archaeological excavations have revealed the existence of a large and sophisticated urban settlement at Dwarka, with evidence of a fortified citadel, a harbour, and a range of public and private buildings. These excavations have also uncovered pottery, coins, and other artefacts that provide clues to the city's history and culture.
While the exact age of Dwarka is difficult to determine with certainty, it is clear that the city has a long and rich history, and has played an important role in Indian mythology and religious traditions.
If Dwarka is 5000 years old then is it good to assume that Mahabharata is also 5000 years old?
While the exact age of the ancient city of Dwarka is a matter of debate among scholars, with estimates ranging from around 3000 BCE to 1500 BCE, it is not necessarily appropriate to assume that the Mahabharata, which mentions the city, is also of the same age.
The Mahabharata is a complex and layered text that has been subject to numerous revisions and additions over the centuries. Its origins and evolution are difficult to trace, and different parts of the text may have been composed at different times by different authors.
Scholars generally agree that the core of the Mahabharata is ancient, and may date back to the early centuries BCE or even earlier. However, the text as we know it today is likely to be the result of centuries of redaction and interpolation, with later additions and revisions being added to the original core.
Therefore, while the Mahabharata may contain elements that reflect the culture and history of the time when Dwarka was believed to have existed, it cannot be assumed that the text itself is of the same age. The Mahabharata is a complex and dynamic work that has evolved over time, and continues to inspire and influence Indian culture and society to this day.
Which is the greatest epic of the world?
The answer to this question may vary depending on cultural and historical perspectives. However, two of the most widely recognised and influential epics in world literature are the Indian epic, the Mahabharata, and the ancient Greek epic, the Iliad.
The Mahabharata is a sprawling epic poem composed of over 100,000 verses, and is believed to have been written between the 8th and 9th centuries BCE. It tells the story of a dynastic struggle for the throne of a kingdom, and contains numerous subplots and philosophical and religious themes. The Mahabharata is highly regarded in Indian culture and has been a source of inspiration for art, literature, and philosophy for centuries.
The Iliad, composed by the Greek poet Homer, is a shorter epic poem that focuses on the events of the Trojan War. It is believed to have been written around the 8th century BCE, and is regarded as one of the foundational works of Western literature. The Iliad is highly regarded for its vivid storytelling, rich characterisation, and exploration of themes such as honour, courage, and the human condition.
Both the Mahabharata and the Iliad are highly regarded for their literary, cultural, and historical significance, and continue to inspire and influence readers and artists around the world.