Manual Testing in Functional Testing
Manual Testing is a method where testers manually execute test cases without the use of automation tools. It is essential for ensuring that a system functions as expected from the end-user's perspective. Manual testing is crucial for identifying bugs, ensuring quality, and validating the overall functionality of an application.
Functional Testing is a type of manual testing that verifies whether each function of the software works according to the requirements. It focuses on validating the output in response to specific inputs and actions, ensuring the software behaves correctly.
### Key Aspects of Functional Testing
1. Test Case Creation: Testers design test cases based on the software’s functional requirements to cover various scenarios.
2. Test Execution: Testers manually perform the test cases, inputting data and observing outcomes.
3. Defect Identification: Any discrepancies between expected and actual results are logged as defects.
4. Types of Functional Testing:
- Smoke Testing: Ensures the most critical functions of the software work after a build.
- Sanity Testing: Verifies specific functionality after minor code changes.
- Regression Testing: Ensures new code changes don't affect existing functionality.
- System Testing: Validates the entire system's functionality as a whole.
Functional testing plays a critical role in ensuring that the software delivers the intended functionalities and meets user expectations. Through manual testing, testers can explore edge cases and behaviors that automated testing might miss.