Managing Lithium Battery Fires and Ensuring Containment

Containing a lithium battery fire, especially on an airplane, requires swift action and specific methods due to the unique challenges they present. Here's a breakdown of the process:

Challenges of Lithium Battery Fires:

• Thermal Runaway: Lithium batteries can enter a self-perpetuating cycle of heat generation, known as thermal runaway, making them difficult to extinguish with conventional methods like water alone.
• Toxic Fumes: Burning lithium batteries release toxic fumes, posing a significant health hazard in an enclosed space like an airplane cabin.
• Reignition: Even after extinguishing the flames, lithium batteries can reignite due to residual heat, requiring constant monitoring and cooling.

Containment Methods:

1. Fire Containment Bags:

• Specialized fire containment bags like the AvSax bag are becoming increasingly common on airplanes.

• These bags are made of heat-resistant material and often contain a liquid coolant that smothers the flames and absorbs heat, preventing fire spread.
• Crew members are trained to place the affected device in the bag immediately to isolate it and prevent further damage.

2. Class D Fire Extinguishers:

• While not as effective as containment bags, Class D fire extinguishers specifically designed for metal fires can be used on lithium batteries in a pinch.

• These extinguishers use a dry chemical powder to smother the flames and interrupt the chemical reaction.
• However, they may not be readily available on all airplanes and can leave behind a messy residue.

3. Water or Non-Alcoholic Liquids:

• As a last resort, pouring water or non-alcoholic liquids like soda on the burning device can help cool it down and prevent the spread of fire.
• However, water alone is not effective in extinguishing the chemical reaction inside the battery and may even worsen the situation if it comes into contact with certain battery types.

Steps to Contain a Lithium Battery Fire on an Airplane:

1. Alert the Crew: Immediately inform a flight attendant or crew member about the fire. They are trained to handle such situations and have access to the necessary equipment.
2. Do Not Attempt to Extinguish Yourself: Unless specifically instructed by the crew, avoid attempting to extinguish the fire yourself. Leave the task to trained professionals to minimize the risk of injury or worsening the situation.
3. Move Away from the Fire: Maintain a safe distance from the burning device and follow the crew's instructions regarding evacuation or relocation within the cabin.
4. Cover Your Mouth and Nose: Smoke inhalation can be extremely dangerous, especially from burning lithium batteries. If possible, cover your mouth and nose with a damp cloth or clothing to filter out harmful fumes.

Remember:

• Early detection and swift action are crucial in containing a lithium battery fire.
• Always follow the instructions of the flight crew and prioritize your safety above all else.
• Lithium battery fires are serious and can quickly escalate. If you suspect a potential fire, do not hesitate to alert the crew immediately.

By understanding the challenges and methods for containing lithium battery fires, we can be better prepared to handle such situations if they arise, especially in the critical environment of an airplane.