Major masterminds, the Basic Principles of State Policy of the Russian Federation on Nuclear Deterrence, and the Army Tactical Missile system (ATACMS)

Terms to note from today’s PRC Ministry of Foreign Affairs press conference:

• 代理人? [dài lǐ rén]? agent; proxy:?

Today’s quote:

黎智英是反中乱港事件的主要策划者和参与者，是反华势力的“代理人”和“马前卒”。?

Jimmy Lai is a major mastermind and participant of the anti-China riots in Hong Kong. He is an agent and pawn of the anti-China forces. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)?

Previous PRC history of the term:

?? 美英澳建立所谓的“三边安全伙伴关系”，本质上是通过军事合作挑动军事对抗，是典型的冷战思维，加大核扩散风险，加剧亚太军备竞赛，破坏地区和平稳定。中方和许多地区国家都对此表示严重关切和反对。任何将美英澳军事合作扩大、升级的企图，都是朝更危险方向迈出的一步，只会引发地区国家和国际社会更大的担忧。我们敦促美英澳三国摒弃冷战思维，忠实履行国际义务，停止为地区和平稳定制造更大麻烦。?

China’s position on the so-called Indo-Pacific Strategy of the US and some western countries and the issue of the South China Sea is consistent and clear. We have also expressed concerns to relevant parties. We always believe that in the current Asia-Pacific region featuring overall peace and stability, development and cooperation is the consensus and aspiration of all countries in the region. Leaders of ASEAN countries stressed on multiple occasions that they will never become a proxy for any party and should never plunge into major-country competition. To advocate bloc confrontation and build exclusive circles goes against the trend of the times and the common aspiration of regional countries. We hope relevant parties will follow the spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation and do more things conducive to regional peace and stability.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 11, 2024)?

?? 黎智英是反中乱港事件的主要策划者和参与者，是反华势力的“代理人”和“马前卒”，是香港乱局的幕后推手，破坏香港繁荣稳定，损害香港市民福祉。?

Jimmy Lai is a major mastermind and participant of the anti-China riots in Hong Kong. He is an agent and pawn of the anti-China forces, and the person behind the riots in Hong Kong. What he did was detrimental to Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability and the wellbeing of the people in Hong Kong. ??*Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 18, 2023)

• 俄罗斯联邦核威慑国家基本政策? [è luó sī lián bāng hé wēi shè guó jiā jī běn zhèng cè]? Basic Principles of State Policy of the Russian Federation on Nuclear Deterrence:?

俄罗斯总统普京19日签署总统令，批准新版《俄罗斯联邦核威慑国家基本政策》。文件指出，俄罗斯视核武器为一种威慑手段，使用核武器是极端情况下被迫采取的措施。?

On November 19 [2024], Russian President Vladimir Putin signed an executive order approving the updated version of Basic Principles of State Policy of the Russian Federation on Nuclear Deterrence. The document points out that Russia sees nuclear weapons as a means of deterrence, noting their use is an extreme and compelled measure. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)

• 佛牙舍利? [fó yá shè lì]? Buddha tooth relic:?

Today’s quote:

中方愿同泰方认真落实两国领导人重要共识，以建交50周年为契机，办好佛牙舍利赴泰供奉、“中泰一家亲”音乐会等庆祝活动，深化在贸易投资、互联互通、科技创新、文化教育等领域合作，让中泰友好常青树在下一个50年结出更多硕果。?

Taking the 50th anniversary of our diplomatic ties as an opportunity, China stands ready to work with Thailand to earnestly deliver on the important common understandings of our leaders, ensure the success of celebration activities including the enshrinement of the Buddha tooth relic and a concert celebrating our ties as close as one family and deepen cooperation in such areas as trade and investment, connectivity, sci-tech innovation and culture and education, and strive for more fruitful outcomes in our enduring friendship in the next five decades to come. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)?

Previous PRC history of the term:

?? 应泰国政府邀请，为庆祝泰国国王哇集拉隆功六循（72岁）寿辰和2025年中泰建交50周年，中方同意安排北京灵光寺佛牙舍利于2024年12月至2025年2月赴泰国曼谷供奉73天。新中国成立后，北京灵光寺佛牙舍利曾先后6次赴国外供奉，受到迎请国佛教信众的广泛欢迎。相信这次佛牙舍利赴泰供奉，将进一步增进中泰两国佛教界交流，丰富中泰命运共同体的人文内涵，推动“中泰一家亲”更加深入人心。?

At the invitation of the Thai government and in celebration of the sixth-cycle or 72nd birthday of King of Thailand Maha Vajiralongkorn Phra Vajiraklaochaoyuhua and the 50th anniversary of China-Thailand diplomatic relations in 2025, China agreed to convey the sacred Buddha tooth relic from Lingguang Temple in Beijing to Bangkok for 73-days enshrinement from December 2024 to February 2025. Since the founding of New China, the sacred Buddha tooth relic has been conveyed overseas six times and received extensive welcome from Buddhist followers in countries inviting the relic. We believe that the enshrinement of the relic in Thailand will contribute to closer exchanges between the Chinese and Thai Buddhist communities, enrich the culture of the China-Thailand community with a shared future, and strengthen the familial bond between the Chinese and the Thai people.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on October 29, 2024)

• 陆军战术导弹系统? [lù jūn zhàn shù dǎo dàn xì tǒng]? Army Tactical Missile system, ATACMS:?

... 俄国防部通报称，经确认，乌克兰使用了美制陆军战术导弹系统，发射的6枚导弹全部被俄军防空系统拦截，导弹残片落入俄罗斯布良斯克州一处军事区域内。?

... Russia’s Defense Ministry in a statement confirmed Ukraine’s use of the US-made Army Tactical Missile system (ATACMS). All six missiles were intercepted by Russian air defense systems and their fragments fell into a military facility in Bryansk Oblast. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)

• 亲密友好邻邦? [qīn mì yǒu hǎo lín bang]? close and friendly neighbor:?

Today’s quote:

中国和泰国是亲密友好邻邦，建交近半个世纪以来，无论国际风云如何变幻，两国始终以心相交、守望相助、携手发展，“中泰一家亲”历久弥新，成为国家间和睦相处、共同发展的典范。?

China and Thailand are close and friendly neighbors. Since the establishment of diplomatic ties almost a half century ago, the two countries have always treated each other with sincerity, supported each other and pursued joint development. Despite the changing international landscape, China and Thailand continue to be as close as one family, setting a fine example of amity and common development.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)?

Previous PRC history of the term:

?? 作为亲密友好邻邦，中方充分尊重巴基斯坦人民作出的选择，衷心希望巴基斯坦各有关方面在大选后共同维护政治团结和社会稳定，同心协力开创国家发展未来。?

As a close and friendly neighbor, China fully respects the choice of the Pakistani people and sincerely hopes that relevant parties of Pakistan will work together to uphold the political solidarity and social stability after the elections and jointly open up a brighter future for the development of the country.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on February 19, 2024)?

?? 中泰是亲密友好邻邦和命运共同体，加强人员往来既是弘扬“中泰一家亲”传统情谊的应有之义，也是推进新时代中泰命运共同体建设的重要组成部分。?

China and Thailand are close friends and neighbors and a community of shared future. To have more people-to-people exchange is absolutely essential for strengthening the traditional familial bond between our two countries and an important part of building a China-Thailand community with a shared future in the new era. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on September 26, 2023)?

?? 中国和泰国是亲密友好邻邦，“中泰一家亲”深入人心。?

China and Thailand are close friendly neighbors. It is a popular belief in both countries that we are as close as one family.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 11, 2022)

• 全球数据跨境流动合作倡议? [quán qiú shù jù kuà jìng liú dòng hé zuò chàng yì]? Global Cross-Border Data Flow Cooperation Initiative (put forth by Xi_Jinping on November 16, 2024 in his speech “Shouldering Responsibility to Our Times and Jointly Promoting Asia-Pacific Development 共担时代责任 共促亚太发展” 31st APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting in Lima, Peru; the initiative reads as follows:伴随数字技术渗透到人类生产生活的方方面面，全球数字经济快速发展，数字社会逐步成为人们分享文明进步的新空间。数据作为数字经济的关键要素，在创新发展和公共治理中正在发挥越来越重要的作用。数据跨境流动对于各国电子商务、数字贸易乃至经济科技文化等诸多方面至关重要，不仅可以有效降低贸易成本，提高企业开展国际贸易的能力，还有助于促进贸易便利化，加快产业数字化转型，弥合数字鸿沟，实现以数据流动为牵引的新型全球化。目前，国际社会正在积极探索形成全球数字领域规则和秩序，联合国制定发布《全球数字契约》、世贸组织电子商务谈判以及《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》（CPTPP）、《数字经济伙伴关系协定》（DEPA）等多双边实践正在开展，这些均体现了推动全球数据跨境流动合作、促进数据跨境流动已经成为各国或地区共同的意愿和选择。我们注意到，在推动全球数据跨境流动实践的同时，各国普遍关注国家安全、公共利益、个人隐私以及知识产权等风险。我们认为，国际社会应在充分尊重各国、各地区因具体国情、社情而采取的不同政策法规和实践基础上，认真听取各方数据安全与发展的利益诉求，通过协商的方式推动国家间、地区间数据跨境流动规则形成共识。我们呼吁各国秉持开放、包容、安全、合作、非歧视的原则，平衡数字技术创新、数字经济发展、数字社会进步与保护国家安全、公共利益、个人隐私和知识产权的关系，在推动数据跨境流动的同时实现各国合法政策目标。我们期待政府、国际组织、企业、民间机构等各主体坚守共商共建共享理念，发挥各自作用，推动全球数据跨境流动合作，携手构建高效便利安全的数据跨境流动机制，打造共赢的数据领域国际合作格局，推动数字红利惠及各国人民。为此，我们倡议各国政府：—鼓励因正常商业和社会活动需要而通过电子方式跨境传输数据，以实现全球电子商务和数字贸易为各国经济增长和可持续增长提供新的动力。—尊重不同国家、不同地区之间数据跨境流动相关制度的差异性。支持不涉及国家安全、公共利益和个人隐私的数据自由流动。允许为实现合法公共政策目标对数据跨境流动进行监管，前提是相关监管措施不构成任意或不合理的歧视或对贸易构成变相限制，不超出实现目标所要求的限度。—尊重各国依法对涉及国家安全、公共利益的非个人数据采取必要的安全保护措施，保障相关非个人数据跨境安全有序流动。—尊重各国为保护个人隐私等个人信息权益采取的措施，鼓励各国在保护个人信息的前提下为个人信息跨境传输提供便利途径，建立健全个人信息保护法律和监管框架，鼓励就此交流最佳实践和良好经验，提升个人信息保护机制、规则之间的兼容性，推动相关标准、技术法规及合格评定程序的互认。鼓励企业获得个人信息保护认证，以表明其符合个人信息保护标准，保障个人信息跨境安全有序流动。—鼓励探索建立数据跨境流动管理负面清单，促进数据跨境高效便利安全流动。—合力构建开放、包容、安全、合作、非歧视的数据流通使用环境，共同维护公平公正的市场秩序，促进数字经济规范健康发展。—提高各类数据跨境流动管理措施的透明度、可预见性和非歧视性，以及政策框架的互操作性。—积极开展数据跨境流动领域的国际合作。支持发展中国家和最不发达国家有效参与和利用数据跨境流动以促进数字经济增长，鼓励发达国家向发展中国家，特别是最不发达国家提供能力建设和技术援助，弥合数字鸿沟，实现公平和可持续发展。—鼓励利用数字技术促进数据跨境流动创新应用，提高保障数据跨境高效便利安全流动的技术能力，推动数据跨境流动相关的技术与安全保障能力评价标准的国际互认，做好知识产权保护工作。—反对将数据问题泛安全化，反对在缺乏事实证据的情况下针对特定国家、特定企业差别化制定数据跨境流动限制性政策，实施歧视性的限制、禁止或者其他类似措施。—禁止通过在数字产品和服务中设置后门、利用数字技术基础设施中的漏洞等手段非法获取数据，共同打击数据领域跨境违法犯罪活动，共同保障各国公民和企业的合法权益。我们愿意在以上倡议基础上与各方开展和深化数据跨境流动领域的交流合作，我们呼吁各国、各地区通过双多边或地区协议、安排等形式呼应、确认上述倡议。欢迎国际组织、企业、民间机构等各主体支持本倡议。

Global Cross-border Data Flow Cooperation Initiative: As digital technologies increasingly permeate every aspect of daily life and production, the global digital economy has experienced rapid development, with digital societies emerging as new spaces for sharing the progress of human civilization. As an essential element in the digital economy, data is playing an increasingly important role in innovative development and public governance. Cross-border data flows are vital to e-commerce, digital trade, and various aspects of global economic, technological and cultural activities. It can reduce trade cost, enhance companies' capacity to engage in international trade, facilitate trade processes, accelerate industrial digitalization, bridge the digital divide, and foster a new type of globalization driven by data flows. Currently, the international community is actively exploring and establishing global rules and order in the digital sphere. Bilateral and multilateral efforts such as the Global Digital Compact by the United Nations, negotiations on e-commerce at the World Trade Organization, the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement exemplify the shared willingness of and choices made by countries and regions worldwide to promote cooperation on cross-border data flows. We noticed that, while promoting global cross-border data flows, countries are primarily concerned with risks related to national security, public interests, personal privacy, and intellectual property. We believe that the international community should fully respect the different policies and practices adopted by various countries and regions based on their specific conditions. It is crucial to pay heed to each party's concerns regarding data security and development and to work toward building consensus on cross-border data flow rules through consultation among countries and regions. We call on all countries to uphold principles of openness, inclusiveness, security, cooperation, and non-discrimination, balance the promotion of digital technology innovation, the development of the digital economy, and the advancement of digital society with the protection of national security, public interests, personal privacy, and intellectual property, and foster cross-border data flows while ensuring that each country's legitimate policy goals are met. We hope that governments, international organizations, businesses, and civil society will adhere to the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution, and shared benefits. By playing their respective roles, they can promote global cooperation on cross-border data flow, jointly build a mechanism to ensure efficient, convenient and safe cross-border data flow and an open and mutually beneficial landscape for international cooperation in the data sphere, and ensure that the benefits of digital advancements are shared by people worldwide. To make this happen, we suggest the following: —Governments should encourage electronic cross-border data transmission to meet the needs of business and social activities. This will help global e-commerce and digital trade serve as new drivers for economic growth and sustainable development. —Governments should respect the regulatory differences of various countries and regions in cross-border data flows. They should support free data flows that do not violate national security, public interests, and personal privacy. Regulations on cross-border data flows should be permitted when they aim to achieve legitimate public policy objectives on the premise that such regulatory measures do not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade, and do not cross the limits of the goals they seek to achieve. —Governments should respect security measures taken by all countries in accordance with their laws to protect non-personal data related to national security and public interests, and ensure the secure and orderly cross-border flows of relevant non-personal data. —Governments should respect measures taken by all countries to protect personal information rights and interests including individual privacy. Countries should be encouraged to provide convenient channels for cross-border transmission of personal information on the condition that such information is well protected. Countries should be encouraged to establish and improve legal and supervision frameworks on personal information protection, conduct exchanges on best practices and experiences, improve the compatibility of personal information protection mechanisms and rules, and foster mutual recognition of relevant standards, technology regulations and conformity assessment procedures. Enterprises should be encouraged to obtain personal information protection certifications to demonstrate their compliance with personal information protection standards and ensure the secure and orderly cross-border flows of personal information. —Governments should support exploring the establishment of negative lists for managing cross-border data flow to promote efficient, convenient and safe cross-border data flow. —Governments should work together to create a data flow and usage environment that is open, inclusive, secure, and non-discriminatory, jointly uphold a fair and just market order, and promote the orderly and healthy development of the digital economy. —Governments should enhance the transparency, predictability, and non-discriminatory nature of measures managing the cross-border flows of various types of data, as well as the interoperability of policy frameworks. —Governments should actively conduct international cooperation in the field of cross-border data flows. Support should be given to developing countries and the least developed countries to enable them to effectively participate in and utilize cross-border data flows so as to promote their digital economic growth. Developed countries should be encouraged to provide capacity building and technical assistance to developing countries, especially the least developed ones, in order to bridge the digital divide and achieve fair and sustainable development. —Governments should encourage the use of digital technologies to promote innovative applications in cross-border data flows. They should improve technological capabilities to ensure efficient, convenient and safe cross-border data flows. They should advance international mutual recognition of evaluation standards for technical and security assurance capabilities related to cross-border data flows, and ensure effective intellectual property protection. —Governments should oppose overstretching the concept of national security on data issues. They should object to making restrictive and differentiated policies on cross-border data flows targeting specific countries and enterprises without factual evidence, or implementing discriminatory restrictions, prohibitions, and other similar measures against specific countries and enterprises.—Governments should prohibit illicit acquisition of data through methods such as setting up backdoors in digital products and services or exploiting vulnerabilities in digital technology infrastructure. They should collaborate to crack down on cross-border illegal activities in the data field and jointly safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and enterprises in all countries.We are ready to carry out and deepen exchanges and cooperation in the field of cross-border data flows with all parties based on the above initiative. We call on all countries and regions to respond to and endorse the above initiative through bilateral, multilateral, or regional agreements and arrangements. We welcome the support of international organizations, businesses, and civil society for this initiative.):?

Today’s quote:

中方发布《全球数据跨境流动合作倡议》，就各方普遍关切的数据跨境流动治理问题提出了建设性解决思路，明确中国促进全球数据跨境流动合作的立场主张，倡导秉持开放、包容、安全、合作、非歧视的原则，推动构建开放共赢的数据跨境流动国际合作格局，促进数据跨境高效便利安全流动。这是继《全球数据安全倡议》之后，中方就数据问题发布的又一重要倡议，体现了习近平主席关于推动构建网络空间命运共同体理念的核心要义，展现了中国统筹发展安全、完善数字治理、践行多边主义的坚定决心。数据安全是全球性问题，需要国际社会共商解决之道。中方愿在《倡议》基础上与各方开展和深化数据跨境流动领域的交流合作，欢迎各方支持这一《倡议》。?

The Global Cross-Border Data Flow Cooperation Initiative, released by China, puts forward constructive approaches to the governance on cross-border data flow, which is of concern to all parties, makes clear China’s stance and position in advancing global cross-border data flow cooperation, advocates the principles of openness, inclusiveness, security, cooperation and non-discrimination, advances the building of an open and mutually beneficial landscape of international cross-border data flow cooperation, and promotes efficient, smooth and secure cross-border data flow. This is another important initiative on data that China issued after the release of the Global Initiative on Data Security. The initiative outlines the core message of President Xi Jinping’s philosophy of building a community with a shared future in cyberspace and demonstrates China’s firm resolve to coordinate development and security, improve digital governance and practice multilateralism. Data security is a global issue that needs to be addressed through the joint discussion by the international community. China stands ready to conduct and deepen exchanges and cooperation on cross-border data flow with other parties on the basis of the initiative, and we welcome support from all parties for this initiative.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)?

Previous PRC history of the term:

?? 中方将发布《全球数据跨境流动合作倡议》，愿同各方深化合作，共同促进高效、便利、安全的数据跨境流动。?

China will launch a Global Cross-Border Data Flow Cooperation Initiative, and seek deeper cooperation with other parties to promote efficient, convenient and secure cross-border data flows. ??(Xi_Jinping_Shouldering Responsibility to Our Times and Jointly Promoting Asia-Pacific Development_Remarks at the 31st APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting_共担时代责任 共促亚太发展_2024_11_16)

• 中泰齐心，命运与共? [zhōng tài qí xīn, mìng yùn yǔ gong]? China and Thailand, One Heart, One Community, Shared Future:?

不久前，习近平主席在亚太经合组织第三十一次领导人非正式会议期间会见泰国总理佩通坦，就下阶段推进中泰命运共同体建设达成重要共识，共同宣布将明年中泰建交50周年确定为“中泰友谊金色50年”，同意要办好系列庆祝活动，让中泰友好更加深入人心。双方还拟定了“中泰齐心，命运与共”的建交50周年口号。?

Not long ago, President Xi Jinping met with Thai Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra on the sidelines of the 31st APEC Economic Leaders’ Meeting. The two leaders reached important common understandings on advancing the building a China-Thailand community with a shared future going forward and jointly announced the decision to make the year 2025, which marks the 50th anniversary of our diplomatic ties, “the Golden Jubilee of China-Thailand Friendship”. They also agreed to organize a series of commemorative events so as to make China-Thailand friendship more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The two sides also launched the slogan “China and Thailand, One Heart, One Community, Shared Future” in commemoration of the 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)

• 主要策划者? [zhǔ yào cè huà zhě]? major mastermind:?

Today’s quote:

黎智英是反中乱港事件的主要策划者和参与者，是反华势力的“代理人”和“马前卒”。?

Jimmy Lai is a major mastermind and participant of the anti-China riots in Hong Kong. He is an agent and pawn of the anti-China forces. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on November 20, 2024)?

Previous PRC history of the term:

?? 黎智英是反中乱港事件的主要策划者和参与者，是反华势力的“代理人”和“马前卒”，是香港乱局的幕后推手。?

Jimmy Lai is a major mastermind and participant of the anti-China riots in Hong Kong. He is an agent and pawn of the anti-China forces, and the person behind the previous instability in Hong Kong. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 19, 2023)?

?? 黎智英是反中乱港事件的主要策划者和参与者，是反华势力的“代理人”和“马前卒”，是香港乱局的幕后推手，破坏香港繁荣稳定，损害香港市民福祉。?

Jimmy Lai is a major mastermind and participant of the anti-China riots in Hong Kong. He is an agent and pawn of the anti-China forces, and the person behind the riots in Hong Kong. What he did was detrimental to Hong Kong’s prosperity and stability and the wellbeing of the people in Hong Kong. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on December 18, 2023)?

?? 我们注意到一些西方媒体在赫什发布美国是“北溪”爆炸案策划者的调查报道后保持了非同寻常的沉默，现在却出奇一致地同步发声。?

We have noted that some Western media have been mysteriously quiet after Hersh reported that the US was behind the Nord Stream blast. But now these media are unusually simultaneous in making their voice heard. ??(Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on March 15, 2023)?

?? 我们敦促美方就近日关于美国是“北溪”爆炸案策划者的报道早日给出令人信服的解释，切实回应国际社会的诸多疑问和关切。?

We urge the US to give credible explanations as soon as possible for the revelation that the US was behind the Nord Stream blast, and credibly respond to the questions and concerns in the international community.? (Foreign Ministry Regular Press Conference on February 24, 2023)

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